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Measurement of the quantum phase by photon counting
Abstract
We address the problem of identifying the dynamical variables representing the phase of a quantum field by analyzing what is measured in two simple homodyne experiments. This leads us to identify operators C${\mathrm{^}}_{\mathit{M}}$,S${\mathrm{^}}_{\mathit{M}}$ corresponding to the measured cosine and sine of the phase difference. The predictions of the theory are tested in an experiment in which the input fields are derived from a highly stable He:Ne laser. Photon-counting measurements extending from mean photon numbers 30 down to ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ show good agreement between theory and experiment. The implications for identifying the ``correct'' phase operator are briefly discussed.
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Citations
Cites
Quantum-mechanical noise in an interferometer
Caves, C. M. (1981) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.23.1693 · Cited by 3,202
Cited by
Experimental realization of any discrete unitary operator
Reck, M., Zeilinger, A., Bernstein, H. J., & Bertani, P. (1994) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.73.58 · Cited by 2,155
Conditional-Phase Switch at the Single-Photon Level
Resch, K. J., Lundeen, J. S., & Steinberg, A. M. (2002) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.89.037904 · Cited by 70
Pegg, D. T., & Barnett, S. M. (1997) · Journal of Modern Optics · doi:10.1080/09500349708241868 · Cited by 63
II Quantum Phenomena in Optical Interferometry
Hariharan, P., & Sanders, B. C. (1996) · Progress in Optics · doi:10.1016/s0079-6638(08)70313-5 · Cited by 36
Metadata
- Authors
- Noh, J. W., Fougères, A., & Mandel, L.
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1991-09-09
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1426-1429
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1981505655
- Cited by
- 303
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 15.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Noh, J. W., Fougères, A., & Mandel, L. (1991). Measurement of the quantum phase by photon counting. Physical Review Letters. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.67.1426
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