The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Laser Oscillation without Population Inversion in a Sodium Atomic Beam
Abstract
Continuous wave (cw) amplification and laser oscillation without population inversion have been observed for the first time in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ scheme within the sodium ${D}_{1}$ line. This is also the first demonstration in which the lasing medium was an atomic beam; this is an approach which, in addition to elucidating the physics, lays a foundation for extensions into the ultraviolet. Calculations using realistic atomic structure were critical to the choice of experimental approach. Observations agree with full density-matrix calculations and clearly show there was no population inversion.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Observation of electromagnetically induced transparency
Boller, K.-J., Imamoğlu, A., & Harris, S. E. (1991) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.66.2593 · Cited by 3,058
Nonlinear optical processes using electromagnetically induced transparency
Harris, S. E., Field, J. E., & Imamoğlu, A. (1990) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.64.1107 · Cited by 1,920
Lasers without inversion: Interference of lifetime-broadened resonances
Harris, S. E. (1989) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.62.1033 · Cited by 1,277
Alzetta, G., Gozzini, A., Moi, L., & Orriols, G. (1976) · Il Nuovo Cimento B Series 11 · doi:10.1007/bf02749417 · Cited by 1,060
Zibrov, A. S., Lukin, M. D., Nikonov, D. E., Hollberg, L., Scully, M. O., Velichansky, V. L., & Robinson, H. G. (1995) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.75.1499 · Cited by 539
Self-citationWhitley, R. M., & Stroud, C. R. (1976) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.14.1498 · Cited by 460
Lasers without inversion: interference of dressed lifetime-broadened states
Imamoǧlu, A., & Harris, S. E. (1989) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.14.001344 · Cited by 365
Theory of a three-level gas laser amplifier
Hänsch, T., & Toschek, P. (1970) · Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and nuclei · doi:10.1007/bf01394503 · Cited by 315
Lasers without inversion: A closed lifetime broadened system
Imamolu, A., Field, J. E., & Harris, S. E. (1991) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.66.1154 · Cited by 306
Observation of light amplification without population inversion in sodium
Gao, J., Guo, C., Guo, X., Jin, G., Wang, P., Zhao, J., Zhang, H., Jiang, Y., Wang, D., & Jiang, D. (1992) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/0030-4018(92)90193-u · Cited by 189
Cited by
Electromagnetically induced transparency: Optics in coherent media
Fleischhauer, M., Imamoglu, A., & Marangos, J. P. (2005) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.77.633 · Cited by 5,189
Electromagnetically induced transparency
Marangos, J. P. (1998) · Journal of Modern Optics · doi:10.1080/09500349808231909 · Cited by 745
ACTIVE CONTROL OF THE DYNAMICS OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES
Gordon, R. J., & Rice, S. A. (1997) · Annual Review of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.physchem.48.1.601 · Cited by 366
Controlling the sign of quantum interference by tunnelling from quantum wells
Faist, J., Capasso, F., Sirtori, C., West, K. W., & Pfeiffer, L. N. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/37562 · Cited by 362
Metadata
- Authors
- Padmabandu, G. G., Welch, G. R., Shubin, I. N., Fry, E. S., Nikonov, D. E., Lukin, M. D., & Scully, M. O.
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1996-03-18
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2053-2056
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- OpenAlex
- W2022957517
- Cited by
- 269
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 18.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Laser Oscillation without Population Inversion in a Sodium Atomic Beam. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1103/physrevlett.76.2053
- The paper
- Padmabandu, G. G., Welch, G. R., Shubin, I. N., Fry, E. S., Nikonov, D. E., Lukin, M. D., & Scully, M. O. (1996). Laser Oscillation without Population Inversion in a Sodium Atomic Beam. Physical Review Letters. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.76.2053
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.