The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Negative Refractive Index in Left-Handed Materials
Abstract
The real part of the refractive index n(omega) of a nearly transparent and passive medium is usually taken to have only positive values. Through an analysis of a current source radiating into a 1D "left-handed" material (LHM)-where the permittivity and permeability are simultaneously less than zero-we determine the analytic structure of n(omega), demonstrating frequency regions where the sign of Re[n(omega)] must, in fact, be negative. The regime of negative index, made relevant by a recent demonstration of an effective LHM, leads to unusual electromagnetic wave propagation and merits further exploration.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Experimental Verification of a Negative Index of Refraction
Shelby, R. A., Smith, D. R., & Schultz, S. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1058847 · Cited by 8,347
Self-citationDesign, fabrication, and testing of double negative metamaterials
Ziolkowski, R. W. (2003) · IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation · doi:10.1109/tap.2003.813622 · Cited by 940
Photonic Band Gap from a Stack of Positive and Negative Index Materials
Li, J., Zhou, L., Chan, C. T., & Sheng, P. (2003) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.90.083901 · Cited by 567
A positive future for double-negative metamaterials
Engheta, N., & Ziolkowski, R. W. (2005) · IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques · doi:10.1109/tmtt.2005.845188 · Cited by 448
Holloway, C. L., Kuester, E. F., Baker-Jarvis, J., & Kabos, P. (2003) · IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation · doi:10.1109/tap.2003.817563 · Cited by 435
Metadata
- Authors
- Smith, D. R., & Kroll, N.
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2000-10-02
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 2933-2936
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- OpenAlex
- W2117305317
- Cited by
- 1,188
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 25.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Negative Refractive Index in Left-Handed Materials. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1103/physrevlett.85.2933
- The paper
- Smith, D. R., & Kroll, N. (2000). Negative Refractive Index in Left-Handed Materials. Physical Review Letters. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.85.2933
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.