Experimental Two-Photon, Three-Dimensional Entanglement for Quantum Communication
Abstract
Orbital angular momentum entangled photons emitted by a down-conversion source are in higher dimensional entangled states. Here we report the experimental confirmation by demonstrating a violation of a generalized Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt-type Bell inequality in three dimensions by more than 18 standard deviations. Higher dimensional entangled states allow the realization of new types of quantum communication protocols. They also provide a more secure quantum cryptography scheme. Therefore our experimental results are likely to have applications in future quantum communication technology.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Orbital angular momentum eigenstates of photons are states of the electromagnetic field with phase singularities and can be utilized for observation of higher dimensional entanglement.
“Orbital angular momentum eigenstates of photons are states of the electromagnetic field with phase singularities.They can be utilized for observation of higher dimensional entanglement (Mair et al., 2001;Vaziri et al., 2002Vaziri et al., , 2003)).”
From Multiphoton entanglement and interferometry (2012) · cites this paper as Vaziri et al., 2002
Cites
Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels
Bennett, C. H., Brassard, G., Crépeau, C., Jozsa, R., Peres, A., & Wootters, W. K. (1993) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.70.1895 · Cited by 13,703 · see citing works
Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes
Allen, L., Beijersbergen, M. W., Spreeuw, R. J. C., & Woerdman, J. P. (1992) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.45.8185 · Cited by 10,455 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Optical Spin-to-Orbital Angular Momentum Conversion in Inhomogeneous Anisotropic Media
Marrucci, L., Manzo, C., & Paparo, D. (2006) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.96.163905 · Cited by 2,115 · see citing works
Multiphoton entanglement and interferometry
Pan, J.-W., Chen, Z.-B., Lu, C.-Y., Weinfurter, H., Zeilinger, A., & Żukowski, M. (2012) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.84.777 · Cited by 1,410 · see citing works
“This approach has advantages in certain quantum communication protocols (Vaziri et al., 2002, Molina-Terriza et al., 2004; Gröblacher et al., 2006).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSecond harmonic generation in nano-structured thin-film lithium niobate waveguides
Wang, C., Xiong, X., Andrade, N., Venkataraman, V., Ren, X.-F., Guo, G.-C., & Lončar, M. (2017) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.25.006963 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Overcoming noise in entanglement distribution
Ecker, S., Bouchard, F., Bulla, L., Brandt, F., Kohout, O., Steinlechner, F., Fickler, R., Malik, M., Guryanova, Y., Ursin, R., et al. (2019) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.9.041042 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Polarization states of four-dimensional systems based on biphotons
Bogdanov, Y. I., Moreva, E. V., Maslennikov, G. A., Galeev, R. F., Straupe, S. S., & Kulik, S. P. (2006) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.73.063810 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
- Authors
- Vaziri, A., Weihs, G., & Zeilinger, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Vienna (AT)
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2002-11-20
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 240401-240401
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- OpenAlex
- W2152634300
- Cited by
- 638
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 22.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics
- Keywords
- orbital angular momentum entanglement, two-photon entanglement, Bell inequality violation, quantum communication, quantum cryptography
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
