Realization of Hardy’s Thought Experiment with Photons
Open accessAbstract
We present an experimental realization of Hardy's thought experiment [Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 2981 (1992)], using photons. The experiment consists of a pair of Mach-Zehnder interferometers that interact through photon bunching at a beam splitter. A striking contradiction is created between the predictions of quantum mechanics and local hidden variables. The contradiction relies on nonmaximally entangled position states of two particles. A Clauser-Horne-type inequality is derived and violated.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The Irvine et al. experiment gave results agreeing with the quantum prediction that joint detection in the right exit ports is possible.
“Using a similar realistic reasoning as before this leads to the conclusion that no joint detection in the right exit ports of the two interferometers is possible.The quantum prediction is different, and the experiment gave results agreeing with it.”
From Multiphoton entanglement and interferometry (2012) · cites this paper as Irvine et al. 2005
A proposal by Hardy (1992) was implemented using a pair of Mach-Zehnder interferometers coupled via bosonic photon bunching at a beam splitter (Irvine et al. 2005).
“Another proposal suggested by Hardy (1992) was implemented using a pair of Mach-Zehnder interferometers that couple via the bosonic photon bunching effect at a beam splitter (Irvine et al. 2005).”
From Multiphoton entanglement and interferometry (2012) · cites this paper as Irvine et al. 2005
Cites
Bell’s Theorem, Quantum Theory and Conceptions of the Universe
(1989) · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0849-4 · Cited by 1,632 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Multiphoton entanglement and interferometry
Pan, J.-W., Chen, Z.-B., Lu, C.-Y., Weinfurter, H., Zeilinger, A., & Żukowski, M. (2012) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.84.777 · Cited by 1,410 · see citing works
- Authors
- Irvine, W. T. M., Hodelin, J. F., Simon, C., & Bouwmeester, D.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2005-07-11
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 030401-030401
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- OpenAlex
- W1971995389
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Bulletin of the American Physical Society
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum optics and atomic interactions
- Keywords
- Hardy's paradox, photon bunching, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, local hidden variable theories, Clauser-Horne inequality, quantum nonlocality
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
