The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Plastoglobules Are Lipoprotein Subcompartments of the Chloroplast That Are Permanently Coupled to Thylakoid Membranes and Contain Biosynthetic Enzymes
Open accessAbstract
Plastoglobules are lipoprotein particles inside chloroplasts. Their numbers have been shown to increase during the upregulation of plastid lipid metabolism in response to oxidative stress and during senescence. In this study, we used state-of-the-art high-pressure freezing/freeze-substitution methods combined with electron tomography as well as freeze-etch electron microscopy to characterize the structure and spatial relationship of plastoglobules to thylakoid membranes in developing, mature, and senescing chloroplasts. We demonstrate that plastoglobules are attached to thylakoids through a half-lipid bilayer that surrounds the globule contents and is continuous with the stroma-side leaflet of the thylakoid membrane. During oxidative stress and senescence, plastoglobules form linkage groups that are attached to each other and remain continuous with the thylakoid membrane by extensions of the half-lipid bilayer. Using three-dimensional tomography combined with immunolabeling techniques, we show that the plastoglobules contain the enzyme tocopherol cyclase (VTE1) and that this enzyme extends across the surface monolayer into the interior of the plastoglobules. These findings demonstrate that plastoglobules function as both lipid biosynthesis and storage subcompartments of thylakoid membranes. The permanent structural coupling between plastoglobules and thylakoid membranes suggests that the lipid molecules contained in the plastoglobule cores (carotenoids, plastoquinone, and tocopherol [vitamin E]) are in a dynamic equilibrium with those located in the thylakoid membranes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Computer Visualization of Three-Dimensional Image Data Using IMOD
Kremer, J. R., Mastronarde, D. N., & McIntosh, J. R. (1996) · Journal of Structural Biology · doi:10.1006/jsbi.1996.0013 · Cited by 5,611
Dual-Axis Tomography: An Approach with Alignment Methods That Preserve Resolution
Mastronarde, D. N. (1997) · Journal of Structural Biology · doi:10.1006/jsbi.1997.3919 · Cited by 1,057
Crowther, R. A., DeRosier, D. J., & Klug, A. (1970) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspa.1970.0119 · Cited by 972
Die and let live: leaf senescence contributes to plant survival under drought stress
Munné-Bosch, S., & Alegre, L. (2004) · Functional Plant Biology · doi:10.1071/fp03236 · Cited by 753
Fracture faces of frozen membranes.
Branton, D. (1966) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.55.5.1048 · Cited by 745
Oleosins and Oil Bodies in Seeds and Other Organs
Huang, A. (1996) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.110.4.1055 · Cited by 551
Ytterberg, A. J., Peltier, J.-B., & van Wijk, K. J. (2006) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.105.076083 · Cited by 443
Marsh, B. J., Mastronarde, D. N., Buttle, K. F., Howell, K. E., & McIntosh, J. R. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.051631998 · Cited by 356
Vidi, P., Kanwischer, M., Baginsky, S., Austin, J. R., Csúcs, G., Dörmann, P., Kessler, F., & Bréhélin, C. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m511939200 · Cited by 327
Self-citationPorfirova, S., Bergmüller, E., Tropf, S., Lemke, R., & Dörmann, P. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.182330899 · Cited by 320
Cited by
Carotenoids and their cleavage products: Biosynthesis and functions
Walter, M. H., & Strack, D. (2011) · Natural Product Reports · doi:10.1039/c0np00036a · Cited by 580
Native architecture of the Chlamydomonas chloroplast revealed by in situ cryo-electron tomography
Engel, B. D., Schaffer, M., Kuhn Cuellar, L., Villa, E., Plitzko, J. M., & Baumeister, W. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.04889 · Cited by 375
Esteban, R., Barrutia, O., Artetxe, U., Fernández‐Marín, B., Hernández, A., & García‐Plazaola, J. I. (2015) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.13186 · Cited by 295
Triacylglycerol and phytyl ester synthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803
Aizouq, M., Peisker, H., Gutbrod, K., Melzer, M., Hölzl, G., & Dörmann, P. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1915930117 · Cited by 49
Espinoza-Corral, R., & Lundquist, P. K. (2022) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101762 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Austin, J. R., Frost, E., Vidi, P.-A., Kessler, F., & Staehelin, L. A.
- Venue
- The Plant Cell
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-05-26
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1693-1703
- ISSN
- 1040-4651 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-298X
- OpenAlex
- W2158187542
- Cited by
- 466
- References
- 29
- FWCI
- 6.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Plastoglobules Are Lipoprotein Subcompartments of the Chloroplast That Are Permanently Coupled to Thylakoid Membranes and Contain Biosynthetic Enzymes. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1105/tpc.105.039859
- The paper
- Austin, J. R., Frost, E., Vidi, P.-A., Kessler, F., & Staehelin, L. A. (2006). Plastoglobules Are Lipoprotein Subcompartments of the Chloroplast That Are Permanently Coupled to Thylakoid Membranes and Contain Biosynthetic Enzymes. The Plant Cell. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.105.039859
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
