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Cited by 470

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The Arabidopsis Na+/H+ Antiporters NHX1 and NHX2 Control Vacuolar pH and K+ Homeostasis to Regulate Growth, Flower Development, and Reproduction

Open access
Bassil, Elias, Tajima, Hiromi, Liang, Yin-Chih, Ohto, Masa-aki, Ushijima, Koichiro, Nakano, Ryohei, Esumi, Tomoya, Coku, Ardian, Belmonte, Mark, Blumwald, Eduardo·2011·The Plant Cell

Abstract

Intracellular Na+/H+ (NHX) antiporters have important roles in cellular pH and Na+, K+ homeostasis. The six Arabidopsis thaliana intracellular NHX members are divided into two groups, endosomal (NHX5 and NHX6) and vacuolar (NHX1 to NHX4). Of the vacuolar members, NHX1 has been characterized functionally, but the remaining members have largely unknown roles. Using reverse genetics, we show that, unlike the single knockouts nhx1 or nhx2, the double knockout nhx1 nhx2 had significantly reduced growth, smaller cells, shorter hypocotyls in etiolated seedlings and abnormal stamens in mature flowers. Filaments of nhx1 nhx2 did not elongate and lacked the ability to dehisce and release pollen, resulting in a near lack of silique formation. Pollen viability and germination was not affected. Quantification of vacuolar pH and intravacuolar K+ concentrations indicated that nhx1 nhx2 vacuoles were more acidic and accumulated only 30% of the wild-type K+ concentration, highlighting the roles of NHX1 and NHX2 in mediating vacuolar K+/H+ exchange. Growth under added Na+, but not K+, partly rescued the flower and growth phenotypes. Our results demonstrate the roles of NHX1 and NHX2 in regulating intravacuolar K+ and pH, which are essential to cell expansion and flower development.

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Metadata

Authors
Bassil, E., Tajima, H., Liang, Y.-C., Ohto, M.-A., Ushijima, K., Nakano, R., Esumi, T., Coku, A., Belmonte, M., & Blumwald, E.
Venue
The Plant Cell
Published
2011-09-01
Volume
23
Issue
9
Pages
3482-3497
ISSN
  • 1040-4651 (ISSN-L)
  • 1532-298X
OpenAlex
W2123090917
Cited by
470
References
51
FWCI
25.43
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Arabidopsis Na+/H+ Antiporters NHX1 and NHX2 Control Vacuolar pH and K+ Homeostasis to Regulate Growth, Flower Development, and Reproduction. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1105/tpc.111.089581
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Bassil, E., Tajima, H., Liang, Y.-C., Ohto, M.-A., Ushijima, K., Nakano, R., Esumi, T., Coku, A., Belmonte, M., & Blumwald, E. (2011). The Arabidopsis Na+/H+ Antiporters NHX1 and NHX2 Control Vacuolar pH and K+ Homeostasis to Regulate Growth, Flower Development, and Reproduction. The Plant Cell. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.111.089581

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