Cited by 78Protein Structure and DynamicsEnzyme Structure and FunctionMonoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research

In-depth analysis of subclass-specific conformational preferences of IgG antibodies

Open access
Tian, Xinsheng, Vestergaard, Bente, Thorolfsson, Matthias, Yang, Zhiru, Rasmussen, Hanne B., Langkilde, Annette E.·2015·IUCrJ

Abstract

IgG subclass-specific differences in biological function and in vitro stability are often referred to variations in the conformational flexibility, while this flexibility has rarely been characterized. Here, small-angle X-ray scattering data from IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 antibodies, which were designed with identical variable regions, were thoroughly analysed by the ensemble optimization method. The extended analysis of the optimized ensembles through shape clustering reveals distinct subclass-specific conformational preferences, which provide new insights for understanding the variations in physical/chemical stability and biological function of therapeutic antibodies. Importantly, the way that specific differences in the linker region correlate with the solution structure of intact antibodies is revealed, thereby visualizing future potential for the rational design of antibodies with designated physicochemical properties and tailored effector functions. In addition, this advanced computational approach is applicable to other flexible multi-domain systems and extends the potential for investigating flexibility in solutions of macromolecules by small-angle X-ray scattering.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1107/s205225251402209x

Cites

46 of 46 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Tian, X., Vestergaard, B., Thorolfsson, M., Yang, Z., Rasmussen, H. B., & Langkilde, A. E.
Affiliations
  • University of Copenhagen (DK)
  • Novo Nordisk (Denmark) (DK)
Corresponding author
Langkilde, Annette E.
Venue
IUCrJ
Published
2015-01-01
Volume
2
Issue
1
Pages
9-18
ISSN
2052-2525 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2109167399
Cited by
78
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4
FWCI
2.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • IUCrJ (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Desy Publications Database (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Novo Nordisk
  • DanScatt
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Enzyme Structure and Function
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Keywords
IgG subclasses, IgG1, IgG2, IgG4, ensemble optimization, shape clustering, solution structure, therapeutic antibodies, antibody stability, effector function

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review