Tribal policing on American Indian reservations
Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an empirical examination of the characteristics of Indian reservation police agencies at the start of the twenty‐first century.
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Response time to reported crimes in Indian Country can be hours or even days because tribal agencies have only a few officers to cover hundreds of miles.
“As a result, response time to reported crimes can be hours or even days because these agencies have only a few officers to cover hundreds of miles (Wells and Falcone 2008).”
From US Attorney Declination Rates of Tribal Cases: Resources Matter! (2025) · cites this paper as Wells and Falcone 2008
52% of tribes have tribal law enforcement, but this varies greatly by state PL 280 status: 71% of non-PL 280 state tribes have their own police, whereas only 22% of PL 280 state tribes do.
“According to Wells & Falcone (2008), 52% of tribes have tribal law enforcement, but this varies greatly by state PL 280 status: 71% of non-PL 280 state tribes have their own police, whereas only 22% of PL 280 state tribes do.”
From Criminal Justice in Indian Country: A Theoretical and Empirical Agenda (2019) · cites this paper as Wells & Falcone (2008)
The organization and operations of tribal police agencies typically resemble those of nontribal local police.
“According to Wells & Falcone (2008), the organization and operations of tribal police agencies typically resemble those of nontribal local police.”
From Criminal Justice in Indian Country: A Theoretical and Empirical Agenda (2019) · cites this paper as Wells & Falcone (2008)
State and local non-Native American police are especially involved in Indian Country law enforcement in PL 280 mandatory jurisdictions.
“Third, there are state and local non-Native American police, who are especially involved in Indian Country law enforcement in PL 280 mandatory jurisdictions.”
From Criminal Justice in Indian Country: A Theoretical and Empirical Agenda (2019) · cites this paper as Wells & Falcone (2008)
Federal law enforcement authorities, including especially BIA police, are administered externally to tribes.
“Second, there are federal law enforcement authorities, including especially BIA police, which are administered externally to tribes.”
From Criminal Justice in Indian Country: A Theoretical and Empirical Agenda (2019) · cites this paper as Wells & Falcone (2008)
Wells & Falcone's three modalities of Indian Country policing provide examples of different levels of tribal, state, and federal law enforcement coupling.
“Wells & Falcone's (2008) three modalities of Indian Country policing provide examples of different levels of tribal, state, and federal law enforcement coupling.”
From Criminal Justice in Indian Country: A Theoretical and Empirical Agenda (2019) · cites this paper as Wells & Falcone (2008)
Quasi-police agencies with limited law enforcement capabilities exist, such as the Village Public Safety Officer program for Alaskan Native villages.
“In addition, there are quasi-police agencies with limited law enforcement capabilities, such as the Village Public Safety Officer program for Alaskan Native villages.”
From Criminal Justice in Indian Country: A Theoretical and Empirical Agenda (2019) · cites this paper as Wells & Falcone (2008)
Wells & Falcone (2008) argue that, where it exists, PL 280 mandatory jurisdiction stifles the development and sovereignty of tribal law enforcement.
“Wells & Falcone (2008) specifically argue that, where it exists, PL 280 mandatory jurisdiction stifles the development and sovereignty of tribal law enforcement.”
From Criminal Justice in Indian Country: A Theoretical and Empirical Agenda (2019) · cites this paper as Wells & Falcone 2008
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- Authors
- Wells, L. E., & Falcone, D. N.
- Affiliations
- Illinois State University (US)
- Venue
- Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management
- Publisher
- Emerald
- Published
- 2008-11-07
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 648-673
- ISSN
- 1363-951X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2025160614
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 4.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Policing An International Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Policing Practices and Perceptions
- Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Justice and Penology
- Social Sciences › Law › Indigenous Peoples' Rights and Law
- Keywords
- Indian reservations, tribal law enforcement, Native American tribes
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