The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
On the number of spurious memories in the Hopfield model (neural network)
Open accessAbstract
The outer-product method for programming the Hopfield model is discussed. The method can result in many spurious stable states-exponential in the number of vectors that are to be stored-even in the case when the vectors are orthogonal.>
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“In contrast to the storage capacity, the number of energy minima (spurious states, stable states) of Hopfield networks is exponentially in d (Tanaka & Edwards, 1980; Bruck & Roychowdhury, 1990; Wainrib & Touboul, 2013).”
From Hopfield Networks is All You Need (2020) · cites this paper as Bruck & Roychowdhury, 1990
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Cites
Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities.
Hopfield, J. J. (1982) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.79.8.2554 · Cited by 19,270
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Hopfield Networks is All You Need
Ramsauer, H., Schäfl, B., Lehner, J., Seidl, P., Widrich, M., Adler, T., Gruber, L., Holzleitner, M., Pavlović, M., Sandve, G. K., et al. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2008.02217 · Cited by 236
Metadata
- Authors
- Bruck, J., & Roychowdhury, V. P.
- Affiliations
- IBM (United States) (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
- Published
- 1990-03
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 393-397
- ISSN
- 0018-9448 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2000133822
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- resolver.caltech.edu
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Information Theory (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Office of Naval Research (N00014)
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research
- Army Research Office (DAAL03-86-K-0045)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Neural Networks and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing
- Keywords
- Hopfield neural network, spurious memories, associative memory, orthogonal vectors, memory capacity, artificial neural networks
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: On the number of spurious memories in the Hopfield model (neural network). https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/18.52486
- The paper
- Bruck, J., & Roychowdhury, V. P. (1990). On the number of spurious memories in the Hopfield model (neural network). IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. https://doi.org/10.1109/18.52486
