A survey of neutral currents in three-phase computer power systems
Abstract
It is shown that the magnitude of the neutral current in three-phase computer power systems depends on the harmonic content and phase balance of the load currents. While very high neutral currents are possible due to the additive nature of triplen harmonic currents, a low percentage of data processing sites in the United States are actually experiencing neutral currents in excess of the rated phase current. However, trends in computer systems make high harmonic neutral currents more likely. Power system problems associated with high harmonic neutral currents include overloaded transformers, voltage distortion, and common mode noise. Whenever three-phase, four-wire power systems are used to supply power to computer systems or other similar electronic loads, the power system design should allow for the possibility of high harmonic neutral current to avoid potential problems.>
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The study in [31] considered grounding resistances of approximately 5 Ω and used a 0.5 V N-G voltage limit as the common-mode threshold for sensitive equipment [32], showing that unbalanced PV connection patterns can drive N-G voltages above this level.
“The study considered grounding resistances of approximately 5 Ω and used a 0.5 V N-G voltage limit as the common-mode threshold for sensitive equipment [32], showing that unbalanced PV connection patterns can drive N-G voltages above this level.”
From Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study (2026) · cites this paper as [32]
Other work has investigated integrated three-wire/four-wire approaches for multi-grounded LV networks and highlighted how neutral grounding resistance and unbalanced loading can drive N-G voltages above common mode limits for sensitive equipment.
“Other work has investigated integrated three-wire/four-wire approaches for multi-grounded LV networks and highlighted how neutral grounding resistance and unbalanced loading can drive N-G voltages above common mode limits for sensitive equipment [31,32].”
From Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study (2026) · cites this paper as [32]
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Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study
Rahman, O., Elphick, S., & Robinson, D. A. (2026) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics15051074 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gruzs, T. M.
- Corresponding author
- Gruzs, T.M.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
- Published
- 1990
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 719-725
- ISSN
- 0093-9994 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2162714477
- Cited by
- 226
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 1.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Power Quality and Harmonics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electromagnetic Compatibility and Noise Suppression
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques
- Keywords
- neutral current, three-phase systems, current harmonics, triplen harmonics, phase balancing, transformer overload, voltage distortion, common-mode noise, power system design
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