The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
High confidence visual recognition of persons by a test of statistical independence
Abstract
A method for rapid visual recognition of personal identity is described, based on the failure of a statistical test of independence. The most unique phenotypic feature visible in a person's face is the detailed texture of each eye's iris. The visible texture of a person's iris in a real-time video image is encoded into a compact sequence of multi-scale quadrature 2-D Gabor wavelet coefficients, whose most-significant bits comprise a 256-byte "iris code". Statistical decision theory generates identification decisions from Exclusive-OR comparisons of complete iris codes at the rate of 4000 per second, including calculation of decision confidence levels. The distributions observed empirically in such comparisons imply a theoretical "cross-over" error rate of one in 131000 when a decision criterion is adopted that would equalize the false accept and false reject error rates. In the typical recognition case, given the mean observed degree of iris code agreement, the decision confidence levels correspond formally to a conditional false accept probability of one in about 10/sup 31/.>
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Cites
A Mathematical Theory of Communication
Shannon, C. E. (1948) · Bell System Technical Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x · Cited by 88,486
Daugman, J. G. (1985) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.2.001160 · Cited by 3,219
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Cited by
Daugman, J. (2004) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology · doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2003.818350 · Cited by 2,927
Self-citationZhang, B., Shan, S., Chen, X., & Gao, W. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2006.884956 · Cited by 580
Fusing local patterns of Gabor magnitude and phase for face recognition
Xie, S., Shan, S., Chen, X., & Chen, J. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2010.2041397 · Cited by 395
Li, D., Winfield, D., & Parkhurst, D. J. (2006) · 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2005.531 · Cited by 371
(2019) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3230633 · Cited by 303
Metadata
- Authors
- Daugman, J. G.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
- Published
- 1993
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1148-1161
- ISSN
- 0162-8828 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2102796633
- Cited by
- 3,252
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 17.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Daugman, J. G. (1993). High confidence visual recognition of persons by a test of statistical independence. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1109/34.244676
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