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Multimedia watermarking techniques
Open accessAbstract
Multimedia watermarking technology has evolved very quickly during the last few years. A digital watermark is information that is imperceptibly and robustly embedded in the host data such that it cannot be removed. A watermark typically contains information about the origin, status, or recipient of the host data. In this tutorial paper, the requirements and applications for watermarking are reviewed. Applications include copyright protection, data monitoring, and data tracking. The basic concepts of watermarking systems are outlined and illustrated with proposed watermarking methods for images, video, audio, text documents, and other media. Robustness and security aspects are discussed in detail. Finally, a few remarks are made about the state of the art and possible future developments in watermarking technology.
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Cited by
Anti-collusion fingerprinting for multimedia
Trappe, W., Wu, M., Wang, Z. J., & Liu, K. J. R. (2003) · IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/tsp.2003.809378 · Cited by 382
Data hiding in binary image for authentication and annotation
Wu, M., & Liu, B. (2004) · IEEE Transactions on Multimedia · doi:10.1109/tmm.2004.830814 · Cited by 375
Adversarial frontier stitching for remote neural network watermarking
Le Merrer, E., Pérez, P., & Trédan, G. (2020) · Neural Computing and Applications · doi:10.1007/s00521-019-04434-z · Cited by 341
Digital watermarking for deep neural networks
Nagai, Y., Uchida, Y., Sakazawa, S., & Satoh, S. (2018) · International Journal of Multimedia Information Retrieval · doi:10.1007/s13735-018-0147-1 · Cited by 152
ModelShield: Adaptive and Robust Watermark Against Model Extraction Attack
Pang, K., Qi, T., Wu, C., Bai, M., Jiang, M., & Huang, Y. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security · doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3530691 · Cited by 29
Metadata
- Authors
- Hartung, F., & Kutter, M.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the IEEE
- Published
- 1999-07
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1079-1107
- ISSN
- 0018-9219 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2161647295
- Cited by
- 1,363
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 57.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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