Analysis of multi-grounded four-wire distribution systems considering the neutral grounding
Abstract
This paper has explored the inherent characteristics of multi-grounded three-phase four-wire distribution systems under unbalanced situations. The exploration also involved the effects of neutrals and system grounding. Power engineers have often disregarded these effects while analyzing a power system. The simulation tool is PSpice for Windows. It is capable of representing and simulating the equivalent model with an explicit neutral wire and groundings of a multi-grounded distribution system. In this paper the equivalent model of a full-scale multi-grounded distribution system implemented by PSpice is introduced. Simulation results have illustrated the effects of neutrals and system grounding on the operation characteristics of multi-grounded four-wire distribution systems.
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In many conventional distribution network studies, the LV neutral conductor is not modelled explicitly; its effect is absorbed into the phase impedance matrix using Kron reduction or the neutral is assumed solidly grounded and omitted.
“In many conventional distribution network studies, the LV neutral conductor is not modelled explicitly.Instead, its effect is absorbed into the phase impedance matrix using Kron reduction [26], or the neutral is assumed to be solidly grounded and therefore omitted from the network model.”
From Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study (2026) · cites this paper as [26]
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Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study
Rahman, O., Elphick, S., & Robinson, D. A. (2026) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics15051074 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Chen, T.-H., & Yang, W.-C.
- Affiliations
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (TW)
- ORCID
- Tsai-Hsiang Chen
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery
- Published
- 2001
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 710-717
- ISSN
- 0885-8977 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4255787604
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Power Quality and Harmonics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Power Systems Fault Detection
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Optimal Power Flow Distribution
- Keywords
- three-phase four-wire system, neutral grounding, neutral wire, unbalanced conditions, equivalent circuit model, distribution networks
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