The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Gradient calculations for dynamic recurrent neural networks: a survey
Abstract
Surveys learning algorithms for recurrent neural networks with hidden units and puts the various techniques into a common framework. The authors discuss fixed point learning algorithms, namely recurrent backpropagation and deterministic Boltzmann machines, and nonfixed point algorithms, namely backpropagation through time, Elman's history cutoff, and Jordan's output feedback architecture. Forward propagation, an on-line technique that uses adjoint equations, and variations thereof, are also discussed. In many cases, the unified presentation leads to generalizations of various sorts. The author discusses advantages and disadvantages of temporally continuous neural networks in contrast to clocked ones continues with some "tricks of the trade" for training, using, and simulating continuous time and recurrent neural networks. The author presents some simulations, and at the end, addresses issues of computational complexity and learning speed.
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Cites
A New Approach to Linear Filtering and Prediction Problems
Kalman, R. E. (1960) · Journal of Basic Engineering · doi:10.1115/1.3662552 · Cited by 31,751
Backpropagation Applied to Handwritten Zip Code Recognition
LeCun, Y., Boser, B., Denker, J. S., Henderson, D., Howard, R. E., Hubbard, W., & Jackel, L. D. (1989) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1989.1.4.541 · Cited by 11,891
WIDROW, B., & HOFF, M. E. (1960) · doi:10.21236/ad0241531 · Cited by 4,009
A learning algorithm for Boltzmann machines
Ackley, D. H., Hinton, G. E., & Sejnowski, T. J. (1985) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0901_7 · Cited by 3,402
Phoneme recognition using time-delay neural networks
Waibel, A., Hanazawa, T., Hinton, G., Shikano, K., & Lang, K. J. (1989) · IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/29.21701 · Cited by 2,643
Generalization of back-propagation to recurrent neural networks
Pineda, F. J. (1987) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.59.2229 · Cited by 931
Cited by
Hochreiter, S., & Schmidhuber, J. (1997) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735 · Cited by 102,318
Deep learning in neural networks: an overview
Schmidhuber, J. (2015) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2014.09.003 · Cited by 18,570
Maass, W., Natschläger, T., & Markram, H. (2002) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/089976602760407955 · Cited by 4,025
Neural ordinary differential equations
Chen, R. T. Q., Rubanova, Y., Bettencourt, J., & Duvenaud, D. (2018) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1806.07366 · Cited by 2,097
Optimization and applications of echo state networks with leaky- integrator neurons
Jaeger, H., Lukoševičius, M., Popovici, D., & Siewert, U. (2007) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2007.04.016 · Cited by 948
Metadata
- Authors
- Pearlmutter, B. A.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
- Published
- 1995
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1212-1228
- ISSN
- 1045-9227 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2154890045
- Cited by
- 582
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 13.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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