The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
Abstract
This paper presents a secure (tamper-resistant) algorithm for watermarking images, and a methodology for digital watermarking that may be generalized to audio, video, and multimedia data. We advocate that a watermark should be constructed as an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Gaussian random vector that is imperceptibly inserted in a spread-spectrum-like fashion into the perceptually most significant spectral components of the data. We argue that insertion of a watermark under this regime makes the watermark robust to signal processing operations (such as lossy compression, filtering, digital-analog and analog-digital conversion, requantization, etc.), and common geometric transformations (such as cropping, scaling, translation, and rotation) provided that the original image is available and that it can be successfully registered against the transformed watermarked image. In these cases, the watermark detector unambiguously identifies the owner. Further, the use of Gaussian noise, ensures strong resilience to multiple-document, or collusional, attacks. Experimental results are provided to support these claims, along with an exposition of pending open problems.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cites
A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems
Rivest, R. L., Shamir, A., & Adleman, L. (1983) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/357980.358017 · Cited by 13,012
Huber, P. J. (1981) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/0471725250 · Cited by 7,066
Vector Quantization and Signal Compression
Gersho, A., & Gray, R. M. (1992) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3626-0 · Cited by 7,055
Three-dimensional computer vision: a geometric viewpoint
(1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.32-0357 · Cited by 3,032
Theory of Spread-Spectrum Communications - A Tutorial
Pickholtz, R. L., Schilling, D. L., & Milstein, L. B. (1982) · IEEE Transactions on Communications · doi:10.1109/tcom.1982.1095533 · Cited by 1,376
van Schyndel, R. G., Tirkel, A. Z., & Osborne, C. F. (2002) · Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/icip.1994.413536 · Cited by 1,139
Jähne, B. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-21817-4 · Cited by 1,139
Collusion-secure fingerprinting for digital data
Boneh, D., & Shaw, J. (1998) · IEEE Transactions on Information Theory · doi:10.1109/18.705568 · Cited by 980
Signal compression based on models of human perception
Jayant, N. S., Johnston, J. D., & Safranek, R. J. (1993) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/5.241504 · Cited by 790
Spread-Spectrum Communications
Ellersick, F., Schilling, D. L., Cook, C. E., et al. (1983) · Encyclopedia of Wireless and Mobile Communications · doi:10.1081/e-ewmc2-120043935 · Cited by 679
Flagged first, then by citations
34 of the 70 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- kilian, 0, Resistance of watermarked documents to collusional attacks
- braudaway, 1996, Color correct digital watermarking of images
- adelson, 1990, Digital signal encoding and decoding apparatus
- schreiber, 1991, Receiver-compatible enhanced definition television system
- rhoads, 1995, Indentification/authentication coding method and apparatus
- turner, 1989, Digital data security system
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,201–1,300 of 5,299
Robust and Imperceptible Spread-Spectrum Watermarking for Telemedicine Applications
Singh, A. K., Kumar, B., Dave, M., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section A Physical Sciences · doi:10.1007/s40010-014-0197-6 · Cited by 20
Enhanced state selection Markov model for image splicing detection
Su, B., Yuan, Q., Wang, S., et al. (2014) · EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking · doi:10.1186/1687-1499-2014-7 · Cited by 20
A steganographic scheme for colour image authentication (SSCIA)
Ghoshal, N., & Mandal, J. K. (2011) · International Conference on Recent Trends in Information Technology · doi:10.1109/icrtit.2011.5972302 · Cited by 20
A Reliable Image Watermarking Scheme Based on Redistributed Image Normalization and SVD
Ali, M., Ahn, C. W., Pant, M., et al. (2016) · Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society · doi:10.1155/2016/3263587 · Cited by 20
Digital video steganalysis toward spread spectrum data hiding
Zarmehi, N., & Akhaee, M. A. (2015) · IET Image Processing · doi:10.1049/iet-ipr.2014.1019 · Cited by 20
Robust Spatial-Spread Deep Neural Image Watermarking
Plata, M., & Syga, P. (2020) · IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom) · doi:10.1109/trustcom50675.2020.00022 · Cited by 20
Adaptive QIM With Minimum Embedding Cost for Robust Video Steganography on Social Networks
Fan, P., Zhang, H., & Zhao, X. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security · doi:10.1109/tifs.2022.3215901 · Cited by 20
Ma, B., Li, K., Xu, J., Wang, C., Li, J., & Zhang, L. (2023) · Digital Signal Processing · doi:10.1016/j.dsp.2023.104121 · Cited by 20
WRAP: Watermarking Approach Robust Against Film-coating upon Printed Photographs
Liu, G., Si, Y., Qian, Z., Zhang, X., Li, S., & Peng, W. (2023) · ACM International Conference on Multimedia (ACM MM) · doi:10.1145/3581783.3612143 · Cited by 21
Survey of imperceptible and robust digital audio watermarking systems
Euschi, S., Zermi, N., Khaldi, A., et al. (2024) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-024-18969-4 · Cited by 20
Content distribution and copyright authentication based on combined indexing and watermarking
Lian, S., Chen, X., & Wang, J. (2010) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-010-0521-3 · Cited by 20
Robust image watermarking against local geometric attacks using multiscale block matching method
Lai, C.-H., & Wu, J. (2009) · Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation · doi:10.1016/j.jvcir.2009.03.009 · Cited by 20
Color Image Steganography Based on Module Substitutions
Yang, C.-Y. (2007) · International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (IIH-MSP) · doi:10.1109/iihmsp.2007.4457667 · Cited by 20
A dual transform audio watermarking algorithm
Al‐Haj, A. (2013) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-013-1645-z · Cited by 20
Secure Data Transmission of Wireless Sensor Network Based on Information Hiding
Xiao, X., Sun, X., Yang, L., et al. (2007) · doi:10.1109/mobiq.2007.4451044 · Cited by 20
Advanced algorithms in audio steganography for hiding human speech signal
Skopin, D. E., El-Emary, I. M. M., Rasras, R. J., et al. (2010) · International Conference on Advanced Computer Control · doi:10.1109/icacc.2010.5486735 · Cited by 20
Geometrically invariant and high capacity image watermarking scheme using accurate radial transform
Singh, C., & Ranade, S. K. (2013) · Optics & Laser Technology · doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2013.05.016 · Cited by 20
Hierarchical Spread Spectrum Fingerprinting Scheme Based on the CDMA Technique
Kuribayashi, M. (2011) · EURASIP Journal on Information Security · doi:10.1155/2011/502782 · Cited by 20
Digital watermarking of medical image using ROI information
Lee, H.-K., Kim, H., Kwon, K., et al. (2005) · doi:10.1109/health.2005.1500492 · Cited by 20
Image Watermarking Algorithm using Dct, Dwt and Svd
Divecha, N. H., & Jani, N. N. (2012) · IJCA Proceedings on National Conference on Innovative Paradigms in Engineering and Technology (NCIPET 2012) · Cited by 20
A New Steganography Technique Using Snake Scan Ordering Strategy
Kumar, R., Saini, K. K., & Chand, S. (2013) · International Journal of Image Graphics and Signal Processing · doi:10.5815/ijigsp.2013.06.04 · Cited by 20
Anticollusion solutions for asymmetric fingerprinting protocols based on client side embedding
Bianchi, T., Piva, A., & Shullani, D. (2015) · EURASIP Journal on Information Security · doi:10.1186/s13635-015-0023-y · Cited by 20
Megías, D., & Qureshi, A. (2016) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2016.11.015 · Cited by 20
A Survey of Machine Learning Algorithms and Their Application in Information Security
Stamp, M. (2018) · Computer communications and networks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92624-7_2 · Cited by 20
González-Lee, M., Vázquez-Leal, H., Gómez-Aguilar, J. F., et al. (2018) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2018.2882405 · Cited by 20
Steps Towards Redesigning Cryptosystems by a Non-associative Algebra of IP-Loops
Naseer, Y., Shah, T., Hussain, S., et al. (2019) · Wireless Personal Communications · doi:10.1007/s11277-019-06474-z · Cited by 20
Li, D., Che, X., Luo, W., et al. (2019) · Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences · doi:10.1002/mma.5668 · Cited by 20
A robust hybrid digital watermarking technique against a powerful CNN-based adversarial attack
Sharma, S. S., & Chandrasekaran, V. (2020) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-020-09555-5 · Cited by 20
Koley, S. (2020) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-020-09918-y · Cited by 20
Spatial Domain Image Hiding Scheme Using Pixel-Values Differencing
Chang, C., Chuang, J.-C., & Hu, Y. (2006) · Fundamenta Informaticae · doi:10.3233/fun-2006-70301 · Cited by 20
Adaptive Watermarking Algorithm for Binary Image Watermarks
Corona-Ramirez, B., Nakano-Miyatake, M., & Perez-Meana, H. M. (2004) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-24681-7_23 · Cited by 20
Imperceptible visible watermarking based on postcamera histogram operation
Lin, P.-Y. (2014) · Journal of Systems and Software · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2014.04.038 · Cited by 20
An algorithm of echo steganalysis based on Bayes classifier
Zeng, W., Ai, H., Hu, R., et al. (2008) · International Conference on Information and Automation · doi:10.1109/icinfa.2008.4608272 · Cited by 20
A Watermarking Method Using Quantization and Statistical Characteristics of Wavelet Transform
Byun, K.-D., Lee, S., & Kim, H. (2005) · International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (PDCAT) · doi:10.1109/pdcat.2005.57 · Cited by 20
A digital watermark method using the wavelet transform for video data
Inoue, H., Miyazaki, A., Araki, T., et al. (2003) · IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems proceedings · doi:10.1109/iscas.1999.779988 · Cited by 20
Transform-based watermarking of 3D depth-image-based-rendering images
Al‐Haj, A., Farfoura, M. E., & Mohammad, A. (2016) · Measurement · doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2016.10.016 · Cited by 20
Increased Robustness and Security of Digital Watermarking Using DS-CDMA
Samee, M. K., & Götze, J. (2007) · IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT) · doi:10.1109/isspit.2007.4458072 · Cited by 20
Secure Error-Free Steganography for JPEG Images
Lee, Y.-K., & Chen, L. (2003) · International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1142/s021800140300268x · Cited by 20
A zero-watermarking algorithm based on DWT and chaotic modulation
Cao, H., Xiang, H., Li, X., et al. (2006) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.663927 · Cited by 20
Signaling Methods for Multimedia Steganography
Ramkumar, M., & Akansu, A. N. (2004) · IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/tsp.2004.823468 · Cited by 20
On the Design of Pattern Sequences for Spread Spectrum Image Watermarking
Mayer, J., Silvério, A. V., & Bermudez, J. C. M. (2002) · Anais do 2002 International Telecommunications Symposium · doi:10.14209/its.2002.292 · Cited by 20
Watermarking in the real world: an application to DVD
Miller, M. L., Cox, I. J., & Bloom, J. A. (2003) · 2018 52nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers · doi:10.1109/acssc.1999.831999 · Cited by 20
Self-citationOptimum watermark detection in color images
Sayrol, E., Vidal, J., Cabanillas, S., et al. (1999) · Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/icip.1999.822890 · Cited by 20
Object-based multiresolution watermarking of images and video
Xiao-yun, W., Zhu, W., Xiong, Z., et al. (2000) · IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems proceedings · doi:10.1109/iscas.2000.857065 · Cited by 20
Robust blind image watermarking based on interest points
Zizhuo, W. A. N. G., Hu, K., HUANG, C., Zixuan, H. U., Yang, S., & Xingjun, W. A. N. G. (2024) · Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware · doi:10.1016/j.vrih.2023.06.012 · Cited by 20
Biometric image protection based on discrete cosine transform watermarking technique
Isa, M. R. M., & Aljareh, S. (2012) · doi:10.1109/icengtechnol.2012.6396130 · Cited by 19
A robust blind watermarking method using quantization of distance between wavelet coefficients
Sahraee, M. J., & Ghofrani, S. (2011) · Signal Image and Video Processing · doi:10.1007/s11760-011-0269-x · Cited by 19
Video Forensic Marking Algorithm using Peak Position Modulation
Nah, J., Kim, J., & Kim, J. (2013) · Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences · doi:10.12785/amis/070632 · Cited by 19
Data Storage Security in Cloud Paradigm
Deshpande, P. S., Sharma, S. C., & Peddoju, S. K. (2016) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-0448-3_20 · Cited by 19
A Digital Watermark Method for In-Vehicle Network Security Enhancement
Wu, W., Dai, J., Huang, H., et al. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3247180 · Cited by 19
Reversible Data Hiding Using Histogram Shifting in Small Blocks
Xiao, B., Ying, L., & Huang, Y. (2010) · International Conference on Communications · doi:10.1109/icc.2010.5502414 · Cited by 19
A Blind Watermarking Algorithm Based on HVS and RBF Neural Network for Digital Image
Piao, C.-R., Beack, S., Woo, D.-M., et al. (2006) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/11881070_68 · Cited by 19
A DCT-Domain System for Hiding Fractal Compressed Images
Chang, C., Chiang, C.-L., & Hsiao, J.-Y. (2005) · doi:10.1109/aina.2005.17 · Cited by 19
Optimized Gray-Scale Image Watermarking Algorithm Based on DWT-DCT-SVD and Chaotic Firefly Algorithm
Dong, H., He, M., & Qiu, M. (2015) · International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC) · doi:10.1109/cyberc.2015.15 · Cited by 19
Image Watermarking Scheme Using Singular Value Decomposition, Quantization and Genetic Algorithm
Jagadeesh, B., Kumar, S. S., & Rajeswari, K. R. (2010) · International Conference on Signal Acquisition and Processing · doi:10.1109/icsap.2010.71 · Cited by 19
Multicarrier spread spectrum watermarking for secure error concealment in fading channel
Maity, S. P., Maity, S., Maity, S., et al. (2010) · Telecommunication Systems · doi:10.1007/s11235-010-9369-0 · Cited by 19
High payload data-hiding in audio signals based on a modified OFDM approach
García-Hernández, J. J., Parra-Michel, R., Feregrino-Uribe, C., et al. (2012) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2012.12.021 · Cited by 19
Secure data aggregation in wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks via watermarking
Α, E. E., & Özdemi̇r, S. (2012) · International Conference on Application of Information and Communication Technologies · doi:10.1109/icaict.2012.6398501 · Cited by 19
Color image watermarking algorithm based on HSI color space
Kong, F., & Peng, Y. (2010) · doi:10.1109/indusis.2010.5565754 · Cited by 19
A novel robust digital image watermarking algorithm based on two-level DCT
Guan, H., Zeng, Z., Liu, J., et al. (2014) · International Conference on Information Science, Electronics and Electrical Engineering · doi:10.1109/infoseee.2014.6946233 · Cited by 19
A novel data hiding scheme for color images using a BSP tree
Tsai, Y., & Wang, C.-M. (2006) · Journal of Systems and Software · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2006.06.016 · Cited by 19
Resolution and quality scalable spread spectrum image watermarking
Piper, A., Safavi–Naini, R., & Mertins, A. (2005) · doi:10.1145/1073170.1073186 · Cited by 19
A novel semi-blind-and-semi-reversible robust watermarking scheme for 3D polygonal models
Lin, C., Chao, M., Liang, C.-Y., & Lee, T. (2010) · The Visual Computer · doi:10.1007/s00371-010-0461-y · Cited by 19
Image quality monitoring using spread spectrum watermarking
Nezhadarya, E., Wang, Z. J., & Ward, R. K. (2009) · Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/icip.2009.5413955 · Cited by 19
Entropy based Robust Watermarking Scheme using HADAMARD Transformation Technique
Rajkumar.V, F. (2011) · International Journal of Computer Applications · doi:10.5120/1712-2293 · Cited by 19
A Watermarking Technique based on Visual Cryptography
Borra, S., Swamy, G. N., Rao, K. S., et al. (2009) · Cited by 19
Thanki, R. M., & Borisagar, K. R. (2015) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28658-7_12 · Cited by 19
Wavelet transform domain data embedding in a medical image
Dandapat, S., Xu, J., Chutatape., O., et al. (2005) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2004.1403471 · Cited by 19
A robust blind 3-D mesh watermarking based on wavelet transform for copyright protection
Hamidi, M., Haziti, M. E., Cherifi, H., et al. (2017) · International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Signal and Image Processing · doi:10.1109/atsip.2017.8075525 · Cited by 19
Optimized Image Steganalysis Through Feature Selection Using MBEGA
Geetha, S., & Kamaraj, N. (2010) · International journal of Computer Networks & Communications · doi:10.5121/ijcnc.2010.2414 · Cited by 19
Soleymani, S. H., Taherinia, A. H., & Mohajerzadeh, A. H. (2019) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-019-7282-4 · Cited by 19
Collusion Attack Resistant Watermarking Scheme for Colored Images using DCT
Saxena, V., & Gupta, J. (2007) · IAENG international journal of computer science · Cited by 19
Robust dual watermarking algorithm for AVS video
Wang, Y., Lu, Z., Liang, F., et al. (2009) · Signal Processing Image Communication · doi:10.1016/j.image.2009.03.004 · Cited by 19
A message-based cocktail watermarking system
Yu, G. J., Lu, C. S., & Liao, H.-Y. M. (2002) · Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1016/s0031-3203(02)00106-1 · Cited by 19
A study on image digital watermarking based on wavelet transform
Li, H., CHANG, N., & Chen, X. (2010) · 中国邮电高校学报:英文版 · doi:10.1016/s1005-8885(09)60594-x · Cited by 19
A Robust Watermarking Scheme for Information Hiding
Ramani, K., Prasad, E. V., Varadarajan, S., et al. (2008) · International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communications (ADCOM) · doi:10.1109/adcom.2008.4760428 · Cited by 19
Authentication and recovery for wavelet-based semifragile watermarking
Tsai, M.-J., & Chien, C.-C. (2008) · Optical Engineering · doi:10.1117/1.2947580 · Cited by 19
Image Normalization Using Invariant Centroid for RST Invariant Digital Image Watermarking
Kim, B., Choi, J.-G., & Park, K.-H. (2003) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/3-540-36617-2_17 · Cited by 19
Robust Motion Watermarking based on Multiresolution Analysis
Kim, T., Lee, J., & Shin, S. Y. (2000) · Computer Graphics Forum · doi:10.1111/1467-8659.00411 · Cited by 19
A holographic transform domain image watermarking method
Bruckstein, A. M., & Richardson, T. J. (1998) · Circuits Systems and Signal Processing · doi:10.1007/bf01202298 · Cited by 19
Secure Software Delivery and Installation in Embedded Systems
Adelsbach, A., Huber, U., & Sadeghi, A. (2005) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-31979-5_22 · Cited by 19
Morphological Steganalysis of Audio Signals and the Principle of Diminishing Marginal Distortions
Altun, O., Gaurav Sharma, A., Celik, M. U., et al. (2006) · IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icassp.2005.1415331 · Cited by 19
A blind watermarking technique in JPEG compressed domain
Wong, P. H. W., & Au, O. C. (2003) · Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/icip.2002.1039016 · Cited by 19
A source and channel coding approach to data hiding with application to hiding speech in video
Mukherjee, D., Chae, J. J., & Mitra, S. (2002) · Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/icip.1998.723494 · Cited by 19
Transform Domain Techniques for Image Steganography
Singh, S., & Siddiqui, T. J. (2018) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-5204-8.ch007 · Cited by 19
Novel robust image watermarking using difference correlation detector
Lu, W., Lu, H., & Chung, F.-L. (2006) · Computer Standards & Interfaces · doi:10.1016/j.csi.2006.02.002 · Cited by 19
Perceptual quality assessment for video watermarking
WINKLER, S. S., Gelasca, E. D., & Ebrahimi, T. (2005) · International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC) · doi:10.1109/itcc.2002.1000366 · Cited by 19
Behavior forensics for scalable multiuser collusion: fairness versus effectiveness
Zhao, H. V., & Liu, K. J. R. (2006) · IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security · doi:10.1109/tifs.2006.879279 · Cited by 19
An Image Watermarking Algorithm Robust to Geometric Distortion
Kang, X., Huang, J., & Shi, Y. Q. (2003) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/3-540-36617-2_18 · Cited by 19
Spread and Hide-A Stego Transceiver
Praveenkumar, P., Thenmozhi, K., Rayappan, J. B. B., et al. (2014) · Information Technology Journal · doi:10.3923/itj.2014.2061.2064 · Cited by 18
DWT — Arnold Transform based audio watermarking
Narla, V. L., Rao, S., & Jayasree, P. V. Y. (2013) · IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Postgraduate Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PrimeAsia) · doi:10.1109/primeasia.2013.6731204 · Cited by 18
Truncated Robust Natural Watermarking With Hungarian Optimization
You, J., Wang, Y., Zhu, G., et al. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology · doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3065199 · Cited by 18
Wavelet based imperceptible medical image watermarking using spread-spectrum
Kumar, B., Kumar, S. B., & Chauhan, D. S. (2015) · International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP) · doi:10.1109/tsp.2015.7296412 · Cited by 18
Image watermarking in real oriented wavelet transform domain
Agarwal, H., Atrey, P. K., & Raman, B. (2014) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-014-2212-y · Cited by 18
Watermarking for HDR Image Robust to Tone Mapping
Xue, X., Jinno, T., Jin, X., et al. (2011) · IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications and Computer Sciences · doi:10.1587/transfun.e94.a.2334 · Cited by 18
Audio watermarking with high embedding capacity based on multiple access techniques
Khalil, M., & Adib, A. (2014) · Digital Signal Processing · doi:10.1016/j.dsp.2014.07.009 · Cited by 18
Digital video steganalysis by subtractive prediction error adjacency matrix
Wang, K., Han, J., & Wang, H. (2013) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-013-1373-4 · Cited by 18
An architecture to easily produce adventure and movie games for the mobile scenario
Furini, M. (2008) · Computers in entertainment · doi:10.1145/1371216.1371222 · Cited by 18
A New Robust Watermarking Scheme to Increase Image Security
Rahmani, H., Mortezaei, R., & Moghaddam, M. E. (2010) · EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing · doi:10.1155/2010/428183 · Cited by 18
Digital audio watermarking; techniques and applications
Olanrewaju, R. F., & Khalifa, O. O. (2012) · International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering · doi:10.1109/iccce.2012.6271333 · Cited by 18
Metadata
- Authors
- Cox, I. J., Kilian, J., Leighton, F. T., & Shamoon, T.
- Affiliations
- NEC (Japan) (JP)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- ORCID
- Cox, I.J.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
- Published
- 1997-12
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1673-1687
- ISSN
- 1057-7149 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-0042
- OpenAlex
- W2116467012
- Semantic Scholar
- a5eaa0b77d774745409499be2a2f16c506156161
- Cited by
- 5,299
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 65 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 84 · 2019: 112 · 2018: 132 · 2017: 160 · 2016: 168 · 2015: 201 · 2014: 211 · 2013: 240 · 2012: 289
- FWCI
- 98.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Image Processing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Digital Media Forensic Detection
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Data Compression Techniques
- Keywords
- digital watermarking, spread spectrum watermarking, tamper resistance, Gaussian random vectors, image watermarking, watermark robustness, lossy compression, geometric transformations, image registration
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review