A comparison of mechanisms for improving TCP performance over wireless links
Abstract
Reliable transport protocols such as TCP are tuned to perform well in traditional networks where packet losses occur mostly because of congestion. However, networks with wireless and other lossy links also suffer from significant losses due to bit errors and handoffs. TCP responds to all losses by invoking congestion control and avoidance algorithms, resulting in degraded end-to end performance in wireless and lossy systems. We compare several schemes designed to improve the performance of TCP in such networks. We classify these schemes into three broad categories: end-to-end protocols, where loss recovery is performed by the sender; link-layer protocols that provide local reliability; and split-connection protocols that break the end-to-end connection into two parts at the base station. We present the results of several experiments performed in both LAN and WAN environments, using throughput and goodput as the metrics for comparison. Our results show that a reliable link-layer protocol that is TCP-aware provides very good performance. Furthermore, it is possible to achieve good performance without splitting the end-to-end connection at the base station. We also demonstrate that selective acknowledgments and explicit loss notifications result in significant performance improvements.
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TCP throughput for wireless networks can be improved by accurately identifying the cause of packet loss and reducing the TCP transmission rate only when congestion is detected.
“Therefore, the TCP throughput for wireless networks can be improved by accurately identifying the cause of packet loss [34,62,490] and reducing the TCP transmission rate only when congestion is detected.”
From A comprehensive survey on machine learning for networking: Evolution, applications and research opportunities (2018) · cites this paper as [34]
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- Authors
- Balakrishnan, H., Padmanabhan, V. N., Seshan, S., & Katz, R. H.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- IBM (United States) (US)
- Venue
- IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking
- Published
- 1997
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 756-769
- ISSN
- 1063-6692 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2101214690
- Cited by
- 1,395
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 45
- FWCI
- 40.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Network Traffic and Congestion Control
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Wireless Networks and Protocols
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Wireless Network Optimization
- Keywords
- TCP performance, wireless networks, lossy links, bit errors, handover, congestion control, end-to-end protocols, SACK, throughput, goodput
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