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Combining Noise-to-Image and Image-to-Image GANs: Brain MR Image Augmentation for Tumor Detection
Open accessAbstract
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) achieve excellent computer-assisted diagnosis with sufficient annotated training data. However, most medical imaging datasets are small and fragmented. In this context, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) can synthesize realistic/diverse additional training images to fill the data lack in the real image distribution; researchers have improved classification by augmenting data with noise-to-image (e.g., random noise samples to diverse pathological images) or image-to-image GANs (e.g., a benign image to a malignant one). Yet, no research has reported results combining noise-to-image and image-to-image GANs for further performance boost. Therefore, to maximize the DA effect with the GAN combinations, we propose a two-step GAN-based DA that generates and refines brain Magnetic Resonance (MR) images with/without tumors separately: (i) Progressive Growing of GANs (PGGANs), multi-stage noise-to-image GAN for high-resolution MR image generation, first generates realistic/diverse 256×256 images; (ii) Multimodal UNsupervised Image-to-image Translation (MUNIT) that combines GANs/Variational AutoEncoders or SimGAN that uses a DA-focused GAN loss, further refines the texture/shape of the PGGAN-generated images similarly to the real ones. We thoroughly investigate CNN-based tumor classification results, also considering the influence of pre-training on ImageNet and discarding weird-looking GAN-generated images. The results show that, when combined with classic DA, our two-step GAN-based DA can significantly outperform the classic DA alone, in tumor detection (i.e., boosting sensitivity 93.67% to 97.48%) and also in other medical imaging tasks.
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“Prior research found that generative AI created nonfactual or unfaithful data and outputs [72,77].”
From Generative AI in medical practice: in-depth exploration of privacy and security challenges (2024) · cites this paper as [72]
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“Noise-to-image and image-to-image GANs have been used to synthesize realistic training magnetic resonance imaging images to boost the performance of convolutional neural networks for image diagnostic AI [39,72].”
From Generative AI in medical practice: in-depth exploration of privacy and security challenges (2024) · cites this paper as [72]
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Self-citationGuided-Crop Image Augmentation for Small Defect Classification
Orti, J., Moreno-Noguer, F., & Puig, V. (2022) · Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition/Proceedings/International Conference on Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/icpr56361.2022.9956623 · Cited by 1
Where is the disease? Semi-supervised pseudo-normality synthesis from an abnormal imagePreprint
Du, Y., Quan, Q., Han, H., & Zhou, S. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2106.15345 · Cited by 2
Hou, Y., & Navarro‐Cía, M. (2022) · doi:10.36227/techrxiv.20272764 · Cited by 1
Raja, M., & Vijayachitra, S. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-937952/v1 · Cited by 1
Deep learning for brain tumor segmentation and survival prediction.
Magadza, T. (2024) · doi:10.29086/10413/23075 · Cited by 1
Karaköse, M., Altundoğan, T. G., & Çeçen, M. (2026) · SoftwareX · doi:10.1016/j.softx.2026.102668 · Cited by 1
Han, C., Rundo, L., Murao, K., Milacski, Z. Á., Umemoto, K., Sala, E., Nakayama, H., & Satoh, S. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.17863/cam.72542
Self-citationBrain Image Processing Using Deep Learning: An Overview
Kadri, R., Tmar, M., & Bouaziz, B. (2020) · Advances in predictive, preventive and personalised medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49815-3_10
Metadata
- Authors
- Han, C., Rundo, L., Araki, R., Nagano, Y., Furukawa, Y., Mauri, G., Nakayama, H., & Hayashi, H.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Informatics (JP)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Chubu University (JP)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Jikei University School of Medicine (JP)
- University of Milano-Bicocca (IT)
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Kyushu University (JP)
- Venue
- IEEE Access
- Published
- 2019
- Volume
- 7
- Pages
- 156966-156977
- ISSN
- 2169-3536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2981036610
- Cited by
- 253
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 12.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- IEEE Access (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Qdai-jump Research Program
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP17K12752)
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP18lk1010028)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Brain Tumor Detection and Classification
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Keywords
- generative adversarial networks, data augmentation, brain MRI, brain tumor detection, image-to-image translation, progressive growing GAN, variational autoencoder, medical image synthesis, tumor classification
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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