CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 41Impact of Light on Environment and HealthSpace Satellite Systems and ControlSatellite Communication Systems

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Darkening Low-Earth Orbit Satellite Constellations: A Review

Open access
Lalbakhsh, Ali, Pitcairn, Andrew, Mandal, Kaushik, Alibakhshikenari, Mohammad, Esselle, Karu P., Reisenfeld, Sam·2022·IEEE Access
DOI 10.1109/access.2022.3155193
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

The proliferation of low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites and the LEO satellite internet will be a game-changer for the low-latency high-speed global internet. While this new generation of the satellite internet in conjunction with fifth generation network (5G) and sixth generation network (6G) enabled emerging technologies, such as precision farming and smart cities, it will bring new challenges, such as satellite collision, limited satellite lifespan, security concerns, and satellite brightness. This article discusses the satellite brightness caused by LEO constellations that potentially affect the ongoing astronomical studies. It reviews the underlying contributors to the satellite brightness as well as the state-of-the-art technologies proposed to mitigate this emerging challenge.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1109/access.2022.3155193

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 89

  1. 10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.03.040 · DOI
  2. 2020, Application for Approval for Orbital Deployment and Operating Authority for the SpaceX Gen2 NGSO Satellite System
  3. 10.1109/TAES.2021.3090914 · DOI
  4. 10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.10.034 · DOI
  5. 10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.07.013 · DOI
  6. 2020, Schematic of Orbital Altitudes and Coverage Areas
  7. 2020, ESA int
  8. Infra, 2020, Elon Musk’s Starlink and Satellite Broadband
  9. 2019, Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices
  10. 10.1016/j.spacepol.2018.03.003 · DOI
  11. 10.1029/JA083iA06p02637 · DOI
  12. 10.1016/j.jsse.2019.05.007 · DOI
  13. 10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.11.021 · DOI
  14. 10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.04.003 · DOI
  15. 10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.06.036 · DOI
  16. 10.1109/TWC.2021.3062658 · DOI · Paper page
  17. 2020, O3b MEO—Our Coverage
  18. Yo, 2021, Satellite Tracking
  19. 2021, Boeing to Build four Additional 702X Satellites for SES’s O3b mPOWER Fleet
  20. Krebs, 2018, MicroSat 2A, 2b (Tintin A, B)
  21. 2019, Starlink Mission Press Kit
  22. Krebs, 2019, Starlink Block V0.9
  23. Persona, 2019, Starlink Compendium
  24. Sesnic, 2021, Starlink 22
  25. Krebs, 2019, Starlink Block V1.0
  26. Gallozzi, 2020, Concerns about ground based astronomical observations: Quantifying satellites’ constellations damages, Instrum. Methods Astrophys.
  27. 2020, Space Related Ideas
  28. 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3033284 · DOI
  29. 10.1109/TAP.2019.2891230 · DOI
  30. 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2948735 · DOI
  31. 10.1038/s41598-021-88547-3 · DOI
  32. 10.1109/TAP.2021.3138256 · DOI
  33. 10.1109/TAP.2021.3060057 · DOI
  34. 10.1049/cp.2018.0998 · DOI
  35. 10.23919/URSI-AT-RASC.2018.8471483 · DOI
  36. 10.1049/mia2.12063 · DOI
  37. 10.3390/electronics10111321 · DOI
  38. 10.1109/TAP.2020.2969888 · DOI
  39. 10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.107968 · DOI
  40. 10.1080/09205071.2019.1688693 · DOI
  41. Iqbal, 2017, Design, fabrication and measurement of a compact, frequency reconfigurable, modified T-shape planar antenna for portable applications, J. Elec. Eng. Tech., 12, 1611
  42. 10.1364/AO.448014 · DOI
  43. 10.3390/electronics9081211 · DOI
  44. 10.1049/SBRA018E · DOI
  45. 2020, Starlink Update
  46. 10.1051/0004-6361/202037501 · DOI
  47. 10.1007/978-3-030-63416-2_538 · DOI
  48. 10.1016/j.cub.2012.08.009 · DOI
  49. 10.1364/OE.23.028718 · DOI
  50. 2010, Diffuse reflection
  51. Mallama, 2020, A flat-panel brightness model for the starlink satellites and measurement of their absolute visual magnitude, Instrum. Methods Astrophys.
  52. 10.3847/25c2cfeb.346793b8 · DOI
  53. Langbroek, 2019, Starlink Satellite Train
  54. 10.1016/j.ascom.2018.08.002 · DOI
  55. 10.1016/j.asr.2018.07.033 · DOI
  56. 10.1119/1.18714 · DOI
  57. 10.1016/S1387-6473(99)00027-5 · DOI
  58. 10.3847/2515-5172/ab8234 · DOI
  59. 10.1051/0004-6361/202037958 · DOI
  60. 10.3847/1538-4357/abc695 · DOI
  61. 10.3847/1538-3881/abba3e · DOI
  62. Strobel, 201, Magnitude System
  63. Mallama, 2020, A flat-panel brightness model for the starlink satellites and measurement of their absolute visual magnitude, arXiv:2003.07805 · arXiv
  64. Mallama, 2021, The brightness of visorsat-design starlink satellites, arXiv:2101.00374 · arXiv
  65. 10.3847/2515-5172/abc0e9 · DOI
  66. le, 2021, A sky brightness model for the starlink ‘visorsat’ spacecraft, arXiv:2107.06026 · arXiv
  67. 2019, Starlink Mission Press Kit
  68. 2021, How Much Does it Cost to Launch a Reused Falcon 9
  69. 10.1016/j.ascom.2016.04.002 · DOI
  70. 10.1016/j.ascom.2016.04.002 · DOI
  71. 10.1007/11892755_92 · DOI
  72. 10.3847/1538-3881/aaddff · DOI
  73. Levesque, Automatic reacquisition of satellite positions by detecting their expected streaks in astronomical images, 81
  74. 10.1109/ICEAA.2017.8065394 · DOI
  75. 10.1109/ICNN.1995.488968 · DOI · Paper page
  76. 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2018.10.015 · DOI
  77. 10.1016/j.measurement.2016.12.055 · DOI
  78. 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.12.098 · DOI
  79. 10.1109/CICSyN.2010.11 · DOI
  80. 10.1587/transinf.e96.d.2309 · DOI
  81. 10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108427 · DOI
  82. 10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108474 · DOI
  83. 10.1016/j.measurement.2014.01.030 · DOI
  84. 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2017.09.007 · DOI
  85. 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2016.06.013 · DOI
  86. 10.1016/j.measurement.2014.11.006 · DOI
  87. 10.1016/j.aej.2020.11.043 · DOI
  88. 10.1016/j.net.2020.09.015 · DOI
  89. 10.1016/j.desal.2021.115542 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Lalbakhsh, A., Pitcairn, A., Mandal, K., Alibakhshikenari, M., Esselle, K. P., & Reisenfeld, S.
Affiliations
  • University of Technology Sydney (AU)
  • Macquarie University (AU)
  • University of Calcutta (IN)
  • Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (ES)
ORCID
Venue
IEEE Access
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published
2022
Volume
10
Pages
24383-24394
ISSN
2169-3536 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1109/access.2022.3155193
OpenAlex
W4214716424
Cited by
41
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4
FWCI
3.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • IEEE Access (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • e-Archivo (Carlos III University of Madrid) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Macquarie University
  • Australian Research Council Discovery Grants Scheme
  • Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Seed Grant
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Impact of Light on Environment and Health
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Space Satellite Systems and Control
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Satellite Communication Systems
Keywords
satellite brightness, LEO satellite constellations, satellite internet, light pollution, astronomical observations, satellite collisions, 6G

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review