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Cited by 39IoT and Edge/Fog ComputingInternet of Things and AIIoT Networks and Protocols

A Novel Architectural Framework on IoT Ecosystem, Security Aspects and Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Survey

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Bouzidi, Mohammed, Gupta, Nishu, Cheikh, Faouzi Alaya, Shalaginov, Andrii, Derawi, Mohammad·2022·IEEE Access
DOI 10.1109/access.2022.3207472
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Abstract

For the past few years, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology continues to not only gain popularity and importance, but also witnesses the true realization of everything being smart. With the advent of the concept ofsmart everything, IoT has emerged as an area of great potential and incredible growth. An IoT ecosystem centers around innovation perspective which is considered as its fundamental core. Accordingly, IoT enabling technologies such as hardware and software platforms as well as standards become the core of the IoT ecosystem. However, any large-scale technological integration such as the IoT development poses the challenge to ensure secure data transmission. Perhaps, the ubiquitous and the resource-constrained nature of IoT devices and the sensitive and private data being generated by IoT systems make them highly vulnerable to physical and cyber threats. In this paper, we re-define an IoT ecosystem from the core technologies view point. We propose a modified three layer IoT architecture by dividing the perception layer into elementary blocks based on their attributed functions. Enabling technologies, attacks and security countermeasures are classified under each layer of the proposed architecture. Additionally, to give the readers a broader perspective of the research area, we discuss the role of various state-of-the-art emerging technologies in the IoT security. We present the security aspects of the most prominent standards and other recently developed technologies for IoT which might have the potential to form the yet undefined IoT architecture. Among the technologies presented in this article, we give a special interest to one recent technology in IoT domain. This technology is named IQRF that stands for Intelligent Connectivity using Radio Frequency. It is an emerging technology for wireless packet-oriented communication that operates in sub-GHz ISM band (868 Mhz) and which is intended for general use where wireless connectivity is needed, either in a mesh network or point-to-point (P2P) configuration. We also highlighted the security aspects implemented in this technology and we compare it with the other already known technologies. Moreover, a detailed discussion on the possible attacks is presented. These attacks are projected on the IoT technologies presented in this article including IQRF. In addition, lightweight security solutions, implemented in these technologies, to counter these threats in the proposed IoT ecosystem architecture are also presented. Lastly, we summarize the survey by listing out some common challenges and the future research directions in this field.

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Authors
Bouzidi, M., Gupta, N., Cheikh, F. A., Shalaginov, A., & Derawi, M.
Affiliations
  • Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
  • Høyskolen Kristiania (NO)
ORCID
Venue
IEEE Access
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published
2022
Volume
10
Pages
101362-101384
ISSN
2169-3536 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1109/access.2022.3207472
OpenAlex
W4296079218
Cited by
39
References
129
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10
FWCI
3.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • IEEE Access (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Internet of Things and AI
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › IoT Networks and Protocols
Keywords
Internet of Things, IoT architecture, Internet of Things security, three-tier architecture, perception layer, IoT enabling technologies, IoT standards, mesh networks, point-to-point communication, IoT attacks, lightweight security, resource-constrained devices, secure data transmission

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