A novel PCB winding transformer with controllable leakage integration for a 6.6kW 500kHz high efficiency high density bi-directional on-board charger
Abstract
Printed Circuit Board (PCB) transformer has been widely used in low power applications. Compared with conventional litz-wire transformer, the manufacture process is greatly simplified and the parasitic is much easier to control. However, in high power applications like on-board charger for electric vehicle, no one has ever done it due to the limitation of high winding loss and high multi-layer PCB cost. The emerging wide-band-gap devices provide the opportunity to adopt PCB transformer in high power applications. In addition, the low inductance requirement brought by high frequency also makes it possible to realize magnetic integration in PCB transformer. In this paper, by using a two stage variable DC-link voltage structure, a novel 6-layer only PCB winding transformer structure is proposed for the second stage of the 6.6kW on-board charger, of which leakage inductance is controllable without sacrificing winding loss. A 6.6kW 500kHz prototype with almost 98% efficiency and 130W/in3power density is built to verify the feasibility of the proposed PCB winding transformer.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Some academic research groups developed 3.3kW and 6.6kW CLLC resonant converters with GaN technology featuring a power density of 9.21kW/L.
“Some academic research groups also developed 3.3kW and 6.6kW CLLC resonant converter with GaN technology, feature a power density of 9.21kW/L [123], [124], as shown in Table 5.”
From A Review of Bidirectional On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles (2021) · cites this paper as [123]
Some control methods are proposed to optimize the reliability, such as the switching function algorithm, the bi-objective algorithm based on efficiency and reliability, and the adaptive control method.
“Some control methods are proposed to optimize the reliability, such as the switching function algorithm [168], the bi-objective algorithm based on ef ciency and reliability [169], and the adaptive control method [170].”
From A Review of Bidirectional On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles (2021) · cites this paper as [168]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Global Trends in High-Power On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles
Khaligh, A., & D'Antonio, M. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2019.2897050 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
A Review of Bidirectional On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles
Yuan, J., Dorn-Gomba, L., Callegaro, A. D., Reimers, J., & Emadi, A. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3069448 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
“21kW/L [123], [124], as shown in Table 5.”
BackgroundElectric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure: From Grid to Battery
Rivera, S., Kouro, S., Vazquez, S., Goetz, S. M., Lizana, R., & Romero-Cadaval, E. (2021) · IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine · doi:10.1109/mie.2020.3039039 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Li, B., Li, Q., & Lee, F. C. (2018) · 2018 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) · doi:10.1109/apec.2018.8341053 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, Y.-C., Chen, C., Chen, K.-D., Syu, Y.-L., & Dung, N. A. (2020) · IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/jestpe.2019.2953117 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
- Authors
- Li, B., Li, Q., & Lee, F. C.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Tech (US)
- Venue
- 2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2017-03
- Pages
- 2917-2924
- ISSN
- 1048-2334 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2614788208
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 10.45
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (DEEE0006834)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced DC-DC Converters
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electromagnetic Compatibility and Noise Suppression
- Keywords
- printed circuit board windings, electric vehicle charging, wide bandgap devices, two-stage DC-DC converter, variable DC-link voltage, winding losses, power density, high-frequency power conversion
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
