Global Trends in High-Power On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles
Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive review and analyses on the state-of-the-art and future trends for high-power conductive on-board chargers (OBCs) for electric vehicles. To provide a global context, a summary of global charging standards and electric vehicle (EV) related trends are presented, which demonstrates momentum toward the OBCs with higher power rating. High-power OBCs are either unidirectional or bidirectional, and they have either an integrated or non-integrated system architecture. Non-integrated high-power OBCs are studied both from industry and academia, and the former are used to illustrate the current state of the art. The latter are classified on the basis of the converter design approach, studied for their principle of operation, and compared over power density, weight, efficiency, and other metrics. In addition to non-integrated OBCs, recent advancements in propulsion-machine integrated OBC solutions are also presented. Other integrated OBC techniques, such as system integration with the EV's auxiliary power module and wireless charging systems, are also discussed. Finally, future charging strategies and functionalities in charging infrastructures are addressed, and global OBC trends are summarized.
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In [62], many cutting-edge chargers were excluded because only OBCs with ratings of ≥7.6 kW were taken into consideration; 6.6 kW chargers were not included.
“Many cutting-edge chargers were excluded in this study since only OBCs with ratings of ≥7.6 kW were taken into consideration; e.g., 6.6 kW chargers, which are very much in-demand in industrial areas as well as in academia, were not included.”
From On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Performance and Efficiency Review (2024) · cites this paper as [62]
Because electric vehicles can supply energy back to the grid, there is a need for a stricter and more clearly defined set of standards.
“As a result of the fact that EVs can supply energy back to the grid, i.e., EVs can be treated as energy sources, there is a need for a stricter and more clearly defined set of standards [62].”
From On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Performance and Efficiency Review (2024) · cites this paper as [62]
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- Authors
- Khaligh, A., & D'Antonio, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- ORCID
- Khaligh, Alireza
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
- Published
- 2019-04
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 3306-3324
- ISSN
- 0018-9545 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-9359
- OpenAlex
- W2913256734
- Cited by
- 652
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 125 · 2024: 121 · 2023: 118 · 2022: 86 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 21
- FWCI
- 21.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1602012, 1507546)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced DC-DC Converters
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
- Keywords
- on-board charger, electric vehicles, high-power DC-DC converter, bidirectional charger, integrated power system, wireless charging, charging standards, power density, charging infrastructure, auxiliary power module
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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