An Interleaved 6-Level GaN Bidirectional Converter for Level II Electric Vehicle Charging
Open accessAbstract
On-board battery chargers are a key component of electric vehicles of all types. Conventionally, they may be used to recharge a vehicle's battery pack, but as they are connected to the grid, they can also be used to provide ancillary grid services, such as reactive power support and longer-term battery-to-grid backup. On-board chargers also represent a potentially significant portion of a vehicle's weight and can take up considerable volume. This paper discusses the design and implementation of a high power density Level II charger converting between 400 VDCand 240 VAC, utilizing two interleaved flying-capacitor multilevel converter stages combined with a full H-bridge unfolder or active rectifier. The focus of this work is the ac-dc/dc-ac power stage, with the goal of high efficiency and power density. Thus, power factor correction (PFC) control and twice-line-frequency buffering are not discussed or implemented in this work. Experimental results show a peak system efficiency of greater than 98.9%, a power output of 7 kW, and an effective switching frequency at the inductor switch nodes of 720 kHz.
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Single-phase multilevel converters such as three-level NPC, T-type, and six-level flying capacitor topology enable device voltage stress reductions and power level increase.
“A single-phase multilevel converters, such as three-level NPC [88], T-type [89] and six-level ying capacitor topology [90] [94], enable device voltage stress reductions and power level increase.”
From A Review of Bidirectional On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles (2021) · cites this paper as [90]
In “Multilevel DC-DC Conversion” (page unavailable), the paper says the six-level flying-capacitor topology makes switches see only a fraction of the input voltage, supporting reduced device voltage stress. The experimental results report 6.6 kW operation, but do not establish an increase in power level relative to another topology or design. This source does not address the NPC or T-type examples. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Cites
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Safayatullah, M., Elrais, M. T., Ghosh, S., Rezaii, R., & Batarseh, I. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3166935 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
A Review of Bidirectional On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles
Yuan, J., Dorn-Gomba, L., Callegaro, A. D., Reimers, J., & Emadi, A. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3069448 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
“A single-phase multilevel converters, such as three-level NPC [88], T-type [89] and six-level flying capacitor topology [90]–[94], enable device voltage stress reductions and power level increase.”
Method
- Authors
- Chou, D., Fernandez, K., & Pilawa-Podgurski, R. C. N.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Venue
- 2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2019-03
- Pages
- 594-600
- ISSN
- 1048-2334 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2947618014
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 10.34
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- escholarship.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced DC-DC Converters
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Multilevel Inverters and Converters
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
- Keywords
- GaN power devices, bidirectional DC-DC converter, interleaved converter, flying capacitor converter, on-board charger, active rectifier, power density, high switching frequency, ancillary services
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