A SiC Bidirectional LLC On-Board Charger
Abstract
The LLC converters are widely used in the unidirectional chargers. However, the reverse LLC voltage gain is lower than unity. The DC-link voltage is then lower than the peak grid voltage so that the buck type DC-AC converters cannot be grid-tied directly, which causes the LLC reverse operation difficult in bidirectional charging applications. This paper proposed a SiC bidirectional LLC on-board charger architecture to achieve high efficiency and high power density. The first stage is an interleaved bridgeless totem pole PFC to achieve unity power factor. The second stage is a 300-kHz LLC taking advantage of wide ZVS range and magnetic integration. Thanks to extra control freedom of high DC-link voltage, the DC-DC voltage gain regulation burden is shared by the DC/AC stage taking advantage of high voltage SiC MOSFETs. An LLC reverse voltage gain compensation control by regulating DC-link voltage is proposed to enable the LLC bidirectional operation. A digital adaptive synchronous rectification driving scheme is proposed based on the LLC primary driver signals. The adaptive SR on-time is modified in every switching control cycle guaranteeing fast transient response and suitable for high frequency applications. A prototype of 6.6 kW SiC bidirectional LLC charger was built and the battery voltage from 240 V to 420 V. The power density is 44 W/in3with 3 kW /kg and increases 22.2% over the Wolfspeed design. The charging peak efficiency is 95.3% through, and 1.3% higher than the state-of-the-art products. The peak discharging efficiency under 6.6 kW is 95.6%, and 0.6% higher than the state-of-the-art efficiency.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
Krismer, F., & Kolar, J. W. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2009.2025284 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Xue, L. L., Shen, Z., Boroyevich, D., Mattavelli, P., & Diaz, D. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2015.2413815 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Design of Bidirectional DC–DC Resonant Converter for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Applications
Zahid, Z. U., Dalala, Z. M., Chen, R., Chen, B., & Lai, J. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification · doi:10.1109/tte.2015.2476035 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Chen, L.-R., Wu, S.-L., Shieh, D.-T., et al. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2012.2186106 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Using LLC Resonant Converter for Designing Wide-Range Voltage Source
Beiranvand, R., Rashidian, B., Zolghadri, M. R., et al. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2010.2052537 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Pan, X., & Rathore, A. K. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2013.2271599 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Fang, Z., Cai, T., Duan, S., & Chen, C. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2014.2379278 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Wang, H., Düşmez, S., & Khaligh, A. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2014.2311399 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Effective Test Bed of 380-V DC Distribution System Using Isolated Power Converters
Ryu, M.-H., Kim, H.-S., Baek, J.-W., et al. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2015.2399273 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Li, B., Lee, F. C., Li, Q., & Liu, Z. (2017) · 2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) · doi:10.1109/apec.2017.7931228 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
A high voltage-gain LLC micro-converter with high efficiency in wide input range for PV applications
Gui, H., Zhang, Z., He, X., et al. (2014) · IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) · doi:10.1109/apec.2014.6803375 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationA 6.6kW SiC bidirectional on-board charger
Li, H., Bai, L., Zhang, Z., Wang, S., Tang, J., Ren, X., & Li, J. (2018) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition · doi:10.1109/apec.2018.8341164 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationLu, X., Iyer, L. V., Mukherjee, K., et al. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid · doi:10.1109/tsg.2012.2205950 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Performance and Efficiency Review
Dar, A. R., Haque, A., Khan, M. A., Kurukuru, V. S. B., & Mehfuz, S. (2024) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en17184534 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“A two-stage OBC prototypes based on bidirectional LLC converter were proposed in [112,113].”
Influential
- Authors
- Li, H., Wang, S., Zhang, Z., Tang, J., Ren, X., & Chen, Q.
- Affiliations
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (CN)
- Venue
- 2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2019-03
- Pages
- 3353-3360
- ISSN
- 1048-2334 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2947025743
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 7.16
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced DC-DC Converters
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Induction Heating and Inverter Technology
- Keywords
- on-board charger, SiC MOSFET, DC bus voltage regulation, zero-voltage switching, magnetic integration, battery charging, power density, charging and discharging efficiency
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
