Three Phase Power Flow Analysis of Distribution Network Performance with High Penetration of Single Phase PV units Integrated with Energy Storage System
Abstract
Recently there have been a significant increase in the number of solar rooftop PV systems in the residential households. These renewable based distributed generations provide an alternative clean source of power and allow a significant portion of the load to be supplied locally, reducing the power consumed from the grid. However, in terms of distribution system operation they can cause unexpected adverse effects such as reverse power flow, voltage rise and voltage unbalance. Furthermore, the amount of rooftop solar PVs injected is expected to increase significantly. This makes it essential to reassess the distribution network performance which was originally designed for downstream power flow. This paper presents a three-phase power flow approach based on the current mismatch variant of the Newton Raphson to assess the effect of high penetration of single phase PV units and how energy storage systems can help to mitigate the undesired effect. The paper presents a comprehensive three-phase detailed modeling of the key components in the grid suitable for use with the three-phase power flow algorithm. The strategy to utilize the energy storage devices, to mitigate the issues of rooftop PVs has also been proposed. The results from a 24-hour simulation using data from an actual distribution network in NSW, Australia have validated the proposed models, demonstrated the undesired impacts of the integration of a high penetration of single phase PV units in the distribution grid, and…
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
More recent contributions have highlighted the need to model neutral and ground explicitly in multi-grounded four-wire systems to correctly capture neutral currents, neutral-to-ground voltages and associated safety margins.
“More recent contributions have highlighted the need to model neutral and ground explicitly, particularly in multi-grounded four-wire systems, to correctly capture neutral currents, neutral-to-ground voltages and associated safety margins [8][9][10][11].”
From Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
These impacts are exacerbated in four-wire LV networks with MEN configuration, where neutral currents and neutral-to-ground potentials are strongly influenced by unbalanced load and PV allocation across phases.
“These impacts are exacerbated in four-wire LV networks with multiple earthed neutral (MEN) configuration, where neutral currents and neutral-to-ground potentials are strongly influenced by unbalanced load and PV allocation across phases [8][9][10][11].”
From Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study
Rahman, O., Elphick, S., & Robinson, D. A. (2026) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics15051074 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Rahman, O., Muttaqi, K. M., & Sutanto, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Venue
- 2018 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2018-11
- Pages
- 1-6
- OpenAlex
- W2960392482
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 0.40
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (publishedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Wollongong
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Optimal Power Flow Distribution
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Smart Grid Energy Management
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Microgrid Control and Optimization
- Keywords
- three-phase power flow, rooftop solar, energy storage systems, distribution network performance, reverse power flow, voltage rise, voltage unbalance, high PV penetration, distributed generation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
