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Evaluating the Energy Efficiency of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks on CPUs and GPUs
Abstract
In recent years convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully applied to various applications that are appropriate for deep learning, from image and video processing to speech recognition. The advancements in both hardware (e.g. more powerful GPUs) and software (e.g. deep learning models, open-source frameworks and supporting libraries) have significantly improved the accuracy and training time of CNNs. However, the high speed and accuracy are at the cost of energy consumption, which has been largely ignored in previous CNN design. With the size of data sets grows exponentially, the energy demand for training such data sets increases rapidly. It is highly desirable to design deep learning frameworks and algorithms that are both accurate and energy efficient. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive study on the power behavior and energy efficiency of numerous well-known CNNs and training frameworks on CPUs and GPUs, and we provide a detailed workload characterization to facilitate the design of energy efficient deep learning solutions.
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“The energy consumption per inference by the conventional CPU and GPU approaches was 168 µJ and 41 µJ, respectively13,54.”
From Flexible self-rectifying synapse array for energy-efficient edge multiplication in electrocardiogram diagnosis (2025) · cites this paper as [54]
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References 32 · Cited by 236
Research works printed but not linked: 24
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Metadata
- Authors
- Li, D., Chen, X., Becchi, M., & Zong, Z.
- Affiliations
- University of Missouri (US)
- Texas State University (US)
- University of Missouri System (US)
- Venue
- 2016 IEEE International Conferences on Big Data and Cloud Computing (BDCloud), Social Computing and Networking (SocialCom), Sustainable Computing and Communications (SustainCom) (BDCloud-SocialCom-SustainCom)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2016-10
- Pages
- 477-484
- OpenAlex
- W2541249978
- Cited by
- 236
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 3.34
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Hardware and Architecture › Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Neural Network Applications
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Hardware and Architecture › Energy Efficiency in Computing
- Keywords
- energy efficiency, deep convolutional neural networks, power consumption, GPU training, workload characterization, energy-efficient deep learning
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