Experimenting with musically motivated convolutional neural networks
Abstract
A common criticism of deep learning relates to the difficulty in understanding the underlying relationships that the neural networks are learning, thus behaving like a black-box. In this article we explore various architectural choices of relevance for music signals classification tasks in order to start understanding what the chosen networks are learning. We first discuss how convolutional filters with different shapes can fit specific musical concepts and based on that we propose several musically motivated architectures. These architectures are then assessed by measuring the accuracy of the deep learning model in the prediction of various music classes using a known dataset of audio recordings of ballroom music. The classes in this dataset have a strong correlation with tempo, what allows assessing if the proposed architectures are learning frequency and/or time dependencies. Additionally, a black-box model is proposed as a baseline for comparison. With these experiments we have been able to understand what some deep learning based algorithms can learn from a particular set of data.
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The musicnn library contains a set of pre-trained musically motivated convolutional neural networks for music audio tagging.
“the musicnn library contains a set of pre-trained musically motivated convolutional neural networks [4,5] for music audio tagging”
From musicnn: Pre-trained convolutional neural networks for music audio tagging (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
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Nesaragi, N., Majumder, S., Sharma, A., Tavakolian, K., & Patidar, S. (2018) · Computing in cardiology · doi:10.22489/cinc.2018.256 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Receptive-Field Regularized CNNs for Music Classification and TaggingPreprint
Koutini, K., Eghbal-zadeh, H., Haunschmid, V., Primus, P., Chowdhury, S., & Widmer, G. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2007.13503 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ballroom Dance Recognition from Audio Recordings
Pavlín, T., Čech, J., & Matas, J. (2021) · Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition/Proceedings/International Conference on Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412255 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
NAAQA: A Neural Architecture for Acoustic Question Answering
Abdelnour, J., Rouat, J., & Salvi, G. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2022.3194311 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Distance Metric Learnt Kernel-Based Music Classification Using Timbral Descriptors
Rajan, R., & S, S. M. B. (2021) · International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1142/s0218001421510149 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
From Visual to Acoustic Question AnsweringPreprint
Abdelnour, J., Salvi, G., & Rouat, J. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1902.11280 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Frame-level Instrument Recognition by Timbre and PitchPreprint
Hung, Y.-N. A., & Yang, Y. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.1492362 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
InSE-NET: A Perceptually Coded Audio Quality Model based on CNNPreprint
Jiang, G., Biswas, A., Bergler, C., & Maier, A. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2108.13087 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Music genre classification with modified residual learning and dual neural network
Ashraf, M., Abid, F., Raza, M. O., Rasheed, J., Alsubai, S., & Aşuroğlu, T. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0333808 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Recognition of Acoustic Events Using Masked Conditional Neural Networks
Medhat, F., Chesmore, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2017) · International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications · doi:10.1109/icmla.2017.0-158 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Pons, J., Lidy, T., & Serra, X.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (ES)
- TU Wien (AT)
- Venue
- 2016 14th International Workshop on Content-Based Multimedia Indexing (CBMI)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2016-06
- Pages
- 1-6
- OpenAlex
- W2437181147
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 16.79
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Workshop on Content-Based Multimedia Indexing (CBMI) (publishedVersion)
- Repositori digital de la UPF (Universitat Pompeu Fabra) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Music and Audio Processing
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Music Technology and Sound Studies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Speech Recognition and Synthesis
- Keywords
- convolutional neural networks, interpretability, black-box models, ballroom music, audio classification
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