The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Fine-Grained Categorization and Dataset Bootstrapping Using Deep Metric Learning with Humans in the Loop
Open accessAbstract
Existing fine-grained visual categorization methods often suffer from three challenges: lack of training data, large number of fine-grained categories, and high intraclass vs. low inter-class variance. In this work we propose a generic iterative framework for fine-grained categorization and dataset bootstrapping that handles these three challenges. Using deep metric learning with humans in the loop, we learn a low dimensional feature embedding with anchor points on manifolds for each category. These anchor points capture intra-class variances and remain discriminative between classes. In each round, images with high confidence scores from our model are sent to humans for labeling. By comparing with exemplar images, labelers mark each candidate image as either a "true positive" or a "false positive." True positives are added into our current dataset and false positives are regarded as "hard negatives" for our metric learning model. Then the model is retrained with an expanded dataset and hard negatives for the next round. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, we bootstrap a fine-grained flower dataset with 620 categories from Instagram images. The proposed deep metric learning scheme is evaluated on both our dataset and the CUB-200-2001 Birds dataset. Experimental evaluations show significant performance gain using dataset bootstrapping and demonstrate state-of-the-art results achieved by the proposed deep metric learning methods.
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Cites
Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition
He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., & Sun, J. (2016) · 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.90 · Cited by 235,474
ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks
Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., & Hinton, G. E. (2017) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/3065386 · Cited by 112,155
ImageNet: A large-scale hierarchical image database
Deng, J., Dong, W., Socher, R., Li, L.-J., Li, K., & Fei-Fei, L. (2009) · 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206848 · Cited by 65,333
FaceNet: A unified embedding for face recognition and clustering
Schroff, F., Kalenichenko, D., & Philbin, J. (2015) · 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298682 · Cited by 15,267
Automated Flower Classification over a Large Number of Classes
Nilsback, M.-E., & Zisserman, A. (2008) · 2008 Sixth Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics & Image Processing · doi:10.1109/icvgip.2008.47 · Cited by 3,442
ActivityNet: A large-scale video benchmark for human activity understanding
Heilbron, F. C., Escorcia, V., Ghanem, B., & Niebles, J. C. (2015) · 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298698 · Cited by 2,578
Going Deeper with Convolutions
Szegedy, C., Liu, W., Jia, Y., Sermanet, P., Reed, S., Anguelov, D., Erhan, D., Vanhoucke, V., & Rabinovich, A. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1409.4842 · Cited by 1,461
Rotation-invariant convolutional neural networks for galaxy morphology prediction
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Cited by
(2016) · neural information processing systems · Cited by 1,572
Deep Metric Learning: A Survey
KAYA, M., & BİLGE, H. Ş. (2019) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym11091066 · Cited by 703
Low-Rank Bilinear Pooling for Fine-Grained Classification
Kong, S., & Fowlkes, C. (2017) · 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.743 · Cited by 367
Synthetic Examples Improve Generalization for Rare Classes
Beery, S., Liu, Y., Morris, D., Piavis, J., Kapoor, A., Meister, M., Joshi, N., & Perona, P. (2020) · 2020 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV) · doi:10.1109/wacv45572.2020.9093570 · Cited by 103
Metadata
- Authors
- Cui, Y., Zhou, F., Lin, Y., & Belongie, S.
- Venue
- 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2016-06
- Pages
- 1153-1162
- ISSN
- 1063-6919 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2962798895
- Cited by
- 234
- References
- 8
- FWCI
- 19.60
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Cui, Y., Zhou, F., Lin, Y., & Belongie, S. (2016). Fine-Grained Categorization and Dataset Bootstrapping Using Deep Metric Learning with Humans in the Loop. 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2016.130
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