The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Patch-Based Convolutional Neural Network for Whole Slide Tissue Image Classification
Open accessAbstract
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are state-of-the-art models for many image classification tasks. However, to recognize cancer subtypes automatically, training a CNN on gigapixel resolution Whole Slide Tissue Images (WSI) is currently computationally impossible. The differentiation of cancer subtypes is based on cellular-level visual features observed on image patch scale. Therefore, we argue that in this situation, training a patch-level classifier on image patches will perform better than or similar to an image-level classifier. The challenge becomes how to intelligently combine patch-level classification results and model the fact that not all patches will be discriminative. We propose to train a decision fusion model to aggregate patch-level predictions given by patch-level CNNs, which to the best of our knowledge has not been shown before. Furthermore, we formulate a novel Expectation-Maximization (EM) based method that automatically locates discriminative patches robustly by utilizing the spatial relationships of patches. We apply our method to the classification of glioma and non-small-cell lung carcinoma cases into subtypes. The classification accuracy of our method is similar to the inter-observer agreement between pathologists. Although it is impossible to train CNNs on WSIs, we experimentally demonstrate using a comparable non-cancer dataset of smaller images that a patch-based CNN can outperform an image-based CNN.
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Cites
ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks
Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., & Hinton, G. E. (2017) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/3065386 · Cited by 112,155
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Delving Deep into Rectifiers: Surpassing Human-Level Performance on ImageNet Classification
He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., & Sun, J. (2015) · 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2015.123 · Cited by 19,741
Multiresolution gray-scale and rotation invariant texture classification with local binary patterns
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Large-Scale Video Classification with Convolutional Neural Networks
Karpathy, A., Toderici, G., Shetty, S., Leung, T., Sukthankar, R., & Fei-Fei, L. (2014) · 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2014.223 · Cited by 6,354
Semantic Image Segmentation with Deep Convolutional Nets and Fully Connected CRFs
Chen, L.-C., Papandreou, G., Kokkinos, I., Murphy, K., & Yuille, A. L. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1412.7062 · Cited by 4,213
Cited by
Clinical-grade computational pathology using weakly supervised deep learning on whole slide images
Campanella, G., Hanna, M. G., Geneslaw, L., Miraflor, A., Werneck Krauss Silva, V., Busam, K. J., Brogi, E., Reuter, V. E., Klimstra, D. S., & Fuchs, T. J. (2019) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0508-1 · Cited by 2,799
Saltz, J., Gupta, R., Hou, L., Kurc, T., Singh, P., Nguyen, V., Samaras, D., Shroyer, K. R., Zhao, T., Batiste, R., et al. (2018) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.086 · Cited by 1,027
Self-citationPredicting cancer outcomes from histology and genomics using convolutional networks
Mobadersany, P., Yousefi, S., Amgad, M., Gutman, D. A., Barnholtz-Sloan, J. S., Velázquez Vega, J. E., Brat, D. J., & Cooper, L. A. D. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1717139115 · Cited by 1,084
Li, B., Li, Y., & Eliceiri, K. W. (2021) · 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.01409 · Cited by 957
Machine Learning Methods for Histopathological Image Analysis
Komura, D., & Ishikawa, S. (2018) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2018.01.001 · Cited by 937
Metadata
- Authors
- Hou, L., Samaras, D., Kurc, T. M., Gao, Y., Davis, J. E., & Saltz, J. H.
- Venue
- 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 2016
- Pages
- 2424-2433
- ISSN
- 1063-6919 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2302302587
- Cited by
- 866
- References
- 8
- FWCI
- 31.77
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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