Wasserstein Introspective Neural Networks
Open accessAbstract
We present Wasserstein introspective neural networks (WINN) that are both a generator and a discriminator within a single model. WINN provides a significant improvement over the recent introspective neural networks (INN) method by enhancing INN's generative modeling capability. WINN has three interesting properties: (1) A mathematical connection between the formulation of the INN algorithm and that of Wasserstein generative adversarial networks (WGAN) is made. (2) The explicit adoption of the Wasserstein distance into INN results in a large enhancement to INN, achieving compelling results even with a single classifier - e.g., providing nearly a 20 times reduction in model size over INN for unsupervised generative modeling. (3) When applied to supervised classification, WINN also gives rise to improved robustness against adversarial examples in terms of the error reduction. In the experiments, we report encouraging results on unsupervised learning problems including texture, face, and object modeling, as well as a supervised classification task against adversarial attacks. Our code is available online1.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Energy-based Models can be viewed as one generative version of discriminators, while can be learned from unlabeled input data.
“Energy-based Models (EBMs) [119,129,226] can be viewed as one generative version of discriminators [101,128,131], while can be learned from unlabeled input data.”
From Diffusion Models: A Comprehensive Survey of Methods and Applications (2024) · cites this paper as [131]
Cites
Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition
He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., & Sun, J. (2016) · 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.90 · Cited by 235,474 · see citing works
ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks
Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., & Hinton, G. E. (2017) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/3065386 · Cited by 112,155 · see citing works
Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
Kingma, D. P., & Ba, J. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1412.6980 · Cited by 98,946 · see citing works
Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition
Simonyan, K., & Zisserman, A. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1409.1556 · Cited by 74,248 · see citing works
Densely Connected Convolutional Networks
Huang, G., Liu, Z., Van Der Maaten, L., & Weinberger, K. Q. (2017) · 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.243 · Cited by 48,566 · see citing works
Going deeper with convolutions
Szegedy, C., Liu, W., Jia, Y., Sermanet, P., Reed, S., Anguelov, D., Erhan, D., Vanhoucke, V., & Rabinovich, A. (2015) · 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298594 · Cited by 48,562 · see citing works
Image-to-Image Translation with Conditional Adversarial Networks
Isola, P., Zhu, J.-Y., Zhou, T., & Efros, A. A. (2017) · 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.632 · Cited by 22,930 · see citing works
Labaca-Castro, R. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-40442-0_9 · Cited by 21,100 · see citing works
A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting
Freund, Y., & Schapire, R. E. (1997) · Journal of Computer and System Sciences · doi:10.1006/jcss.1997.1504 · Cited by 20,466 · see citing works
Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes
Kingma, D. P., & Welling, M. (2013) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1312.6114 · Cited by 20,067 · see citing works
GAN(Generative Adversarial Nets)
淳司, 柴. (2017) · Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics · doi:10.3156/jsoft.29.5_177_2 · Cited by 19,268 · see citing works
A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets
Hinton, G. E., Osindero, S., & Teh, Y.-W. (2006) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.2006.18.7.1527 · Cited by 16,336 · see citing works
Layer NormalizationPreprint
Ba, J., Kiros, J., & Hinton, G. E. (2016) · arXiv.org · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1607.06450 · Cited by 13,745 · see citing works
Aggregated Residual Transformations for Deep Neural Networks
Xie, S., Girshick, R., Dollar, P., Tu, Z., & He, K. (2017) · 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.634 · Cited by 12,465 · see citing works
Unsupervised representation learning with deep convolutional generative adversarial networks
Radford, A., Metz, L., & Chintala, S. (2015) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1511.06434 · Cited by 12,235 · see citing works
Backpropagation Applied to Handwritten Zip Code Recognition
LeCun, Y., Boser, B., Denker, J. S., Henderson, D., Howard, R. E., Hubbard, W., & Jackel, L. D. (1989) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1989.1.4.541 · Cited by 11,891 · see citing works
Explaining and Harnessing Adversarial Examples
Goodfellow, I. J., Shlens, J., & Szegedy, C. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1412.6572 · Cited by 10,381 · see citing works
Deep Learning Face Attributes in the Wild
Liu, Z., Luo, P., Wang, X., & Tang, X. (2015) · 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2015.425 · Cited by 7,747 · see citing works
Improved Techniques for Training GANs
Salimans, T., Goodfellow, I., Zaremba, W., Cheung, V., Radford, A., & Chen, X. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1606.03498 · Cited by 6,965 · see citing works
Improved training of Wasserstein GANs
Gulrajani, I., Ahmed, F., Arjovsky, M., Dumoulin, V., & Courville, A. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1704.00028 · Cited by 6,800 · see citing works
(2017) · International Conference on Machine Learning · Cited by 6,382 · see citing works
Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variation
Karras, T., Aila, T., Laine, S., & Lehtinen, J. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1710.10196 · Cited by 4,727 · see citing works
Reading digits in natural images with unsupervised feature learning
Netzer, Y. (2024) · doi:10.57702/e7wwo0zk · Cited by 4,261 · see citing works
Sparse coding with an overcomplete basis set: A strategy employed by V1?
Olshausen, B. A., & Field, D. J. (1997) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00169-7 · Cited by 3,642 · see citing works
A learning algorithm for Boltzmann machines
Ackley, D. H., Hinton, G. E., & Sejnowski, T. J. (1985) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0901_7 · Cited by 3,402 · see citing works
A Neural Algorithm of Artistic Style
Gatys, L., Ecker, A., & Bethge, M. (2016) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/16.12.326 · Cited by 2,612 · see citing works
Searching for activation functions
Ramachandran, P., Zoph, B., & Le, Q. V. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1710.05941 · Cited by 2,335 · see citing works
Adversarial machine learning at scale
Kurakin, A., Goodfellow, I., & Bengio, S. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1611.01236 · Cited by 2,325 · see citing works
Deeply-Supervised NetsPreprint
Lee, C., Xie, S., Gallagher, P., Zhang, Z., & Tu, Z. (2014) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1409.5185 · Cited by 1,607 · see citing works
Bayesian Learning via Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics
Welling, M., & Teh, Y. W. (2012) · Cited by 1,500 · see citing works
(2011) · Cited by 1,258 · see citing works
Inducing features of random fields
Pietra, S. D., Pietra, V. D., & Lafferty, J. (1997) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/34.588021 · Cited by 1,034 · see citing works
Adversarially Learned InferencePreprint
Dumoulin, V., Belghazi, M. I., Poole, B., Mastropietro, O., Lamb, A., Arjovsky, M., & Courville, A. C. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1606.00704 · Cited by 1,015 · see citing works
Texture Synthesis Using Convolutional Neural NetworksPreprint
Gatys, L. A., Ecker, A. S., & Bethge, M. (2015) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1505.07376 · Cited by 902 · see citing works
Information and information stability of random variables and processes
(1964) · Journal of the Franklin Institute · doi:10.1016/0016-0032(64)90319-9 · Cited by 756 · see citing works
Texture Networks: Feed-forward Synthesis of Textures and Stylized ImagesPreprint
Ulyanov, D., Lebedev, V., Vedaldi, A., & Lempitsky, V. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1603.03417 · Cited by 733 · see citing works
Deep Convolutional Inverse Graphics NetworkPreprint
Kulkarni, T. D., Whitney, W., Kohli, P., & Tenenbaum, J. B. (2015) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1503.03167 · Cited by 708 · see citing works
Learning to generate chairs with convolutional neural networks
Dosovitskiy, A., Springenberg, J. T., & Brox, T. (2015) · 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298761 · Cited by 640 · see citing works
Stacked Generative Adversarial Networks
Huang, X., Li, Y., Poursaeed, O., Hopcroft, J. E., & Belongie, S. (2017) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.202 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Minimax Entropy Principle and Its Application to Texture Modeling
Zhu, S. C., Wu, Y. N., & Mumford, D. B. (1997) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1627 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
A Stochastic Grammar of Images
Zhu, S. C., & Mumford, D. B. (2006) · now publishers, Inc. eBooks · doi:10.1561/9781601980618 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Information and Information Stability of Random Variables and Processes.
Brillinger, D. R., Pinsker, M. S., & Feinstein, A. (1964) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C (Applied Statistics) · doi:10.2307/2985711 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
A Stochastic Grammar of Images
Zhu, S., & Mumford, D. B. (2007) · Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision · doi:10.1561/0600000018 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Sason, I., & Verdú, S. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Information Theory · doi:10.1109/tit.2016.2603151 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
A Theory of Generative ConvNetPreprint
Xie, J., Lu, Y., Zhu, S. C., & Wu, Y. N. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1602.03264 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Learning Active Basis Model for Object Detection and Recognition
Wu, Y. N., Si, Z., Gong, H., & Zhu, S. C. (2009) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-009-0287-0 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Improving Generative Adversarial Networks with Denoising Feature Matching
Warde-Farley, D., & Bengio, Y. (2017) · International Conference on Learning Representations · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Ngiam, J., Chen, Z., Koh, P. W., & Ng, A. Y. (2011) · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Approximation and Convergence Properties of Generative Adversarial LearningPreprint
Liu, S., Bousquet, O., & Chaudhuri, K. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1705.08991 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Learning Generative Models via Discriminative Approaches
Zhuowen Tu, A. (2007) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2007.383035 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Cooperative Learning of Energy-Based Model and Latent Variable Model via MCMC Teaching
Xie, J., Lu, Y., Gao, R.-Q., & Wu, Y. (2018) · AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v32i1.11834 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Alternating Back-Propagation for Generator Network
Han, T., Lu, Y., Zhu, S. C., & Wu, Y. N. (2017) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v31i1.10902 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Introspective Neural Networks for Generative Modeling
Lazarow, J., Jin, L., & Tu, Z. (2017) · 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2017.302 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationWelling, M., Zemel, R. S., & Hinton, G. E. (2002) · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Introspective Classification with Convolutional NetsPreprint
Jin, L., Lazarow, J., & Tu, Z. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1704.07816 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
7 of the 62 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Diffusion Models: A Comprehensive Survey of Methods and Applications
Yang, L., Zhang, Z., Song, Y., Hong, S., Xu, R., Zhao, Y., Zhang, W., Cui, B., & Yang, M.-H. (2024) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3626235 · Cited by 1,704 · see citing works
Sliced Wasserstein Discrepancy for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation
Lee, C., Batra, T., Baig, M. H., & Ulbricht, D. (2019) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2019.01053 · Cited by 610 · see citing works
A deep translation (GAN) based change detection network for optical and SAR remote sensing images
Li, X., Du, Z., Huang, Y., & Tan, Z. (2021) · ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing · doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2021.07.007 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Reusing Discriminators for Encoding: Towards Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translation
Chen, R., Huang, W., Huang, B., Sun, F., & Fang, B. (2020) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.00819 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
A comprehensive review of deep learning-based single image super-resolution
Bashir, S. M. A., Wang, Y., Khan, M., & Niu, Y. (2021) · PeerJ Computer Science · doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.621 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
RetractedLearning to Generate Synthetic Data via Compositing
Tripathi, S., Chandra, S., Agrawal, A., Tyagi, A., Rehg, J. M., & Chari, V. (2019) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2019.00055 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Zhu, Y., Xie, J., Liu, B., & Elgammal, A. (2019) · IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2019.00994 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Cooperative Training of Descriptor and Generator Networks
Xie, J., Lu, Y., Gao, R., Zhu, S. C., & Wu, Y. N. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2018.2879081 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Dual Contradistinctive Generative Autoencoder
Parmar, G., Li, D., Lee, K., & Tu, Z. (2021) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00088 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationDeep Set Prediction NetworksPreprint
Zhang, Y., Hare, J. S., & Prügel‐Bennett, A. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1906.06565 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Flow Contrastive Estimation of Energy-Based Models
Gao, R., Nijkamp, E., Kingma, D. P., Xu, Z. X., Dai, A. M., & Wu, Y. N. (2020) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.00754 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Learning Energy-Based Spatial-Temporal Generative ConvNets for Dynamic Patterns
Xie, J., Zhu, S. C., & Wu, Y. N. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2019.2934852 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Generative VoxelNet: Learning Energy-Based Models for 3D Shape Synthesis and Analysis
Xie, J., Zheng, Z., Gao, R., Wang, W., Zhu, S. C., & Wu, Y. N. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2020.3045010 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Learning Energy-Based Models by Diffusion Recovery LikelihoodPreprint
Gao, R., Song, Y. S., Poole, B., Wu, Y., & Kingma, D. P. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2012.08125 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Variational Wasserstein Clustering
Mi, L., Zhang, W., Gu, X. D., & Wang, Y. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01267-0_20 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Improved Contrastive Divergence Training of Energy Based Models
Du, Y., Li, S., Tenenbaum, J., & Mordatch, I. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2012.01316 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
On the Anatomy of MCMC-Based Maximum Likelihood Learning of Energy-Based Models
Nijkamp, E., Hill, M., Han, T., Zhu, S. C., & Wu, Y. N. (2020) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v34i04.5973 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Shama, F., Mechrez, R., Shoshan, A., & Zelnik‐Manor, L. (2019) · IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2019.00330 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Single image super-resolution approaches in medical images based-deep learning: a survey
El‐Shafai, W., Ali, A. M., El‐Nabi, S. A., El‐Rabaie, E. M., & El‐Samie, F. E. A. (2023) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-023-16197-w · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Representation Learning: A Statistical Perspective
Xie, J., Gao, R., Nijkamp, E., Zhu, S. C., & Wu, Y. N. (2019) · Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application · doi:10.1146/annurev-statistics-031219-041131 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
3D Volumetric Modeling with Introspective Neural Networks
Huang, W., Lai, B., Xu, W., & Tu, Z. (2019) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33018481 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationManocha, A., & Afaq, Y. (2023) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-023-14331-2 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
TokenCompose: Text-to-Image Diffusion with Token-Level Supervision
Wang, Z., Sha, Z., Ding, Z., Wang, Y., & Tu, Z. (2024) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr52733.2024.00817 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Learning Energy-Based Generative Models via Coarse-to-Fine Expanding and Sampling
Zhao, Y., Xie, J., & Li, P. (2021) · International Conference on Learning Representations · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Learning Data Representations with Joint Diffusion Models
Deja, K. R., Trzcinski, T. P., & Tomczak, J. M. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43415-0_32 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
EGC: Image Generation and Classification via a Diffusion Energy-Based Model
Guo, Q., Ma, C., Jiang, Y., Yuan, Z., Yu, Y., & Luo, P. (2023) · IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv51070.2023.02098 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Compositional Visual Generation and Inference with Energy Based ModelsPreprint
Du, Y., Li, S., & Mordatch, I. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2004.06030 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Hybrid Generative-Contrastive Representation LearningPreprint
Kim, S., Kim, S., & Lee, J. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2106.06162 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Deep Generative Knowledge Distillation by Likelihood Finetuning
Li, J., Chen, X., Zheng, P., Wang, Q., & Yu, Z. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3273952 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
CLOT: Closed Loop Optimal Transport for Unsupervised Action Segmentation
Bueno-Benito, E., & Dimiccoli, M. (2025) · IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv51701.2025.00998 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
An Introspective Learning Strategy for Remote Sensing Scene Classification
Su, J., Wang, Q., Chen, S., & Li, X. (2019) · IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · doi:10.1109/igarss.2019.8898925 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dual Contradistinctive Generative AutoencoderPreprint
Parmar, G., Li, D., Lee, K., & Zhuowen Tu, A. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2011.10063 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationEfficient learning of Scale-Adaptive Nearly Affine Invariant Networks
Shen, Z., Qiu, Y., Liu, J., He, L., & Lin, Z. (2024) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2024.106229 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Generative Adversarial Data ProgrammingPreprint
Pal, A., & Balasubramanian, V. N. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2005.00364 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kaleta, J., Skierś, P., Dubinski, J. M., Korzeniowski, P., Trzcinski, T. P., Tomczak, J. M., & Deja, K. R. (2025) · Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics · doi:10.1016/j.compmedimag.2025.102619 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
FRAME Revisited: An Interpretation View Based on Particle Evolution
Xu, C. X., Wu, Y., Li, G., Chen, Z., & Lin, L. (2019) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33013256 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Resisting Large Data Variations via Introspective Transformation Network
Zhao, Y., Tian, Y., Fowlkes, C. C., Shen, W., & Yuille, A. (2020) · IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision · doi:10.1109/wacv45572.2020.9093340 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Synthesize-It-Classifier: Learning a Generative Classifier through Recurrent Self-analysis
Pal, A., Phan, R. C.-W., & Wong, K. (2021) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00512 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Deep Consensus LearningPreprint
Sun, W., & Wu, T. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2103.08475 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Spatial Transformer Introspective Neural Network.Preprint
Zhao, Y., Tian, Y., Shen, W., & Yuille, A. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University)
Generalizing Energy-based Generative ConvNets from Particle Evolution PerspectivePreprint
Wu, Y., Xu, C. X., Wei, P., Li, G., & Lin, L. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University)
Representation Learning: A Statistical PerspectivePreprint
Xie, J., Gao, R., Nijkamp, E., Zhu, S. C., & Wu, Y. N. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1911.11374
Learning to Represent and Predict Sets with Deep Neural NetworksPreprint
Zhang, Y. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2103.04957
Trust the Critics: Generatorless and Multipurpose WGANs with Initial Convergence GuaranteesPreprint
Milne, T., Bilocq, É., & Nachman, A. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2111.15099
Pal, A., Rajanala, S., Phan, R. C. ‐., & Wong, K. (2022) · ACM International Conference on Multimedia (ACM MM) · doi:10.1145/3503161.3548393
A Tale of Three Families: Discriminative, Descriptive, and Generative Models
Zhu, S. C., & Wu, Y. N. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-96530-3_12
Adapt & Align: Continual Learning with Generative Models’ Latent Space Alignment
Deja, K. R., Cywiński, B., Rybarczyk, J., & Trzcinski, T. P. (2025) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2025.130748
- Authors
- Lee, K., Xu, W., Fan, F., & Tu, Z.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Venue
- 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2018-06
- Pages
- 3702-3711
- ISSN
- 1063-6919 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2770567114
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 3.24
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1618477, 1717431)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Neural Network Applications
- Keywords
- Wasserstein distance, WGAN, generative models, unsupervised learning, adversarial robustness, adversarial examples, supervised classification, texture modeling, face modeling, object modeling
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review