The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
VarifocalNet: An IoU-aware Dense Object Detector
Open accessAbstract
Accurately ranking the vast number of candidate detections is crucial for dense object detectors to achieve high performance. Prior work uses the classification score or a combination of classification and predicted localization scores to rank candidates. However, neither option results in a reliable ranking, thus degrading detection performance. In this paper, we propose to learn an Iou-Aware Classification Score (IACS) as a joint representation of object presence confidence and localization accuracy. We show that dense object detectors can achieve a more accurate ranking of candidate detections based on the IACS. We design a new loss function, named Varifocal Loss, to train a dense object detector to predict the IACS, and propose a new star-shaped bounding box feature representation for IACS prediction and bounding box refinement. Combining these two new components and a bounding box refinement branch, we build an IoU-aware dense object detector based on the FCOS+ATSS architecture, that we call VarifocalNet or VFNet for short. Extensive experiments on MS COCO show that our VFNet consistently surpasses the strong baseline by ~2.0 AP with different backbones. Our best model VFNet-X-1200 with Res2Net-101-DCN achieves a single-model single-scale AP of 55.1 on COCO test-dev, which is state-of-the-art among various object detectors. Code is available at: https://github.com/hyz-xmaster/VarifocalNet.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition
He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., & Sun, J. (2016) · 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.90 · Cited by 235,474
Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks
Ren, S., He, K., Girshick, R., & Sun, J. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2016.2577031 · Cited by 73,472
Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks
Ren, S., He, K., Girshick, R., & Sun, J. (2015) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1506.01497 · Cited by 70,812
You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detection
Redmon, J., Divvala, S., Girshick, R., & Farhadi, A. (2016) · 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.91 · Cited by 53,803
Feature Pyramid Networks for Object Detection
Lin, T.-Y., Dollar, P., Girshick, R., He, K., Hariharan, B., & Belongie, S. (2017) · 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.106 · Cited by 30,939
Focal Loss for Dense Object Detection
Lin, T.-Y., Goyal, P., Girshick, R., He, K., & Dollar, P. (2017) · 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2017.324 · Cited by 30,581
Girshick, R. (2015) · 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2015.169 · Cited by 28,105
Path Aggregation Network for Instance Segmentation
Liu, S., Qi, L., Qin, H., Shi, J., & Jia, J. (2018) · 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2018.00913 · Cited by 10,011
EfficientDet: Scalable and Efficient Object Detection
Tan, M., Pang, R., & Le, Q. V. (2019) · arXiv · Cited by 9,841 · cited 1×
“This suggests that we should increase the training image scale range to fit higher capacity backbones in order to achieve better detection performance, which is consistent with the insights in [48].”
Deformable Convolutional Networks
Dai, J., Qi, H., Xiong, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, G., Hu, H., & Wei, Y. (2017) · 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2017.89 · Cited by 7,513
Research works printed but not linked: 27
- cao, 2020, Prime sample attention in object detection, CVPR
- 10.1109/ICCV.2019.00980 · DOI
- 10.1109/ICCV.2019.00836 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1109/CVPR.2018.00442 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/978-3-030-58545-7_6 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1109/CVPR.2019.00093 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1109/CVPR.2018.00719 · DOI · Paper page
- girshick, 2015, Region-based convolutional networks for accurate object detection and segmentation, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
- law, 2018, Cornernet: Detecting objects as paired keypoints, ECCV
- 10.1109/ICCV.2019.00975 · DOI · Paper page
- izmailov, 2018, Averaging weights leads to wider optima and better generalization, UAI
- jiang, 2018, Acquisition of localization confidence for accurate object detection, ECCV
- 10.1109/CVPR.2019.00091 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1109/CVPR42600.2020.00978 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1109/TIP.2020.3002345 · DOI · Paper page
- lin, 2014, Microsoft coco: Common objects in context, ECCV
- zhang, 2019, Freeanchor: Learning to match anchors for visual object detection, NIPS
- 10.1109/CVPR.2019.00308 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1109/ICCV.2017.322 · DOI · Paper page
- liu, 0, Ssd: Single shot multibox detector, ECCV
- wu, 2018, Group normalization, ECCV
- 10.1109/CVPR.2019.00754 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1109/CVPR42600.2020.01079 · doi:10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.01079 · Paper page
- 10.1109/TPAMI.2019.2938758 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1109/ICCV.2019.00615 · DOI · Paper page
- dai, 2016, R-fcn: Object detection via region-based fully convolutional networks, NIPS
- fu, 2017, Dssd: Deconvolutional single shot detector, CoRR
Cited by
YOLOv7: Trainable Bag-of-Freebies Sets New State-of-the-Art for Real-Time Object Detectors
Wang, C.-Y., Bochkovskiy, A., & Liao, H.-Y. M. (2023) · 2023 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr52729.2023.00721 · Cited by 13,198
YOLOv7: Trainable bag-of-freebies sets new state-of-the-art for real-time object detectors
Wang, C.-Y., Bochkovskiy, A., & Liao, H.-Y. M. (2022) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2207.02696 · Cited by 13,205
A Comprehensive Review of YOLO Architectures in Computer Vision: From YOLOv1 to YOLOv8 and YOLO-NAS
Terven, J., Córdova-Esparza, D.-M., & Romero-González, J.-A. (2023) · Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction · doi:10.3390/make5040083 · Cited by 3,052
YOLOv6: A Single-Stage Object Detection Framework for Industrial Applications
Li, C., Li, L., Jiang, H., Weng, K., Geng, Y., Li, L., Ke, Z., Li, Q., Cheng, M., Nie, W., et al. (2022) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2209.02976 · Cited by 1,792
“We choose VFL as the classification loss function.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTOOD: Task-aligned One-stage Object Detection
Feng, C., Zhong, Y., Gao, Y., Scott, M. R., & Huang, W. (2021) · 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv48922.2021.00349 · Cited by 1,668
“0 VFNet [29]† CVPR21 ResNeXt-101-64×4d-DCN 49.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, H., Wang, Y., Dayoub, F., & Sunderhauf, N.
- Venue
- 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2021-06
- Pages
- 8510-8519
- ISSN
- 1063-6919 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3172087149
- Cited by
- 1,142
- References
- 25
- FWCI
- 61.51
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: VarifocalNet: An IoU-aware Dense Object Detector. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00841
- The paper
- Zhang, H., Wang, Y., Dayoub, F., & Sunderhauf, N. (2021). VarifocalNet: An IoU-aware Dense Object Detector. 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00841
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.