BLE-based Indoor Positioning Platform Utilizing Edge Tiny Machine Learning
Abstract
Location-based services have expanded rapidly over the years, but Global Positioning System (GPS), as the basis for outdoor positioning, has limitations that prevent it from functioning properly indoors. In situations where it is necessary to obtain greater accuracy in indoor environments, alternative solutions to a geo-positioning system must be implemented and technologies that meet these requirements must be used. In this research, the objective is to create an IoT-based system for indoor asset tracking and identification using machine learning, hence this paper presents the design and development of the electronic devices capable of communicating with each other to send information to a central system that determines the location of assets in a controlled environment, and machine learning is used as a method of location estimation. Considering that there are multiple external factors that affect the accuracy of traditional position estimation algorithms, deep learning is implemented and the data obtained from the evaluation of the model’s performance in a controlled space is analyzed. It is important to highlight that in this project it was relevant to have control of the multiple variables that affect the performance of the system, for this reason the hardware, firmware of the scanning stations and TAGs using BLE and the iBeacon protocol were designed and developed.
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Edge-centric architectures have been explored, in which preliminary filtering and aggregation are performed on local nodes to reduce response times and offload the cloud.
“To mitigate these issues, edge-centric architectures have been explored, in which preliminary filtering and aggregation are performed on local nodes to reduce response times and offload the cloud [17,18].”
From Child Playground Entry/Exit Tracking and Log Visualization System Using BLE Beacons and Smart Devices (2026) · cites this paper as [17]
Cites
Ji, M., Kim, J.-Y., Jeon, J., et al. (2015) · International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology · doi:10.1109/icact.2015.7224764 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Accuracy Study of Indoor Positioning with Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons
Phutcharoen, K., Chamchoy, M., & Supanakoon, P. (2020) · Joint International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and Technology with ECTI Northern Section Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering (ECTI DAMT & NCON) · doi:10.1109/ectidamtncon48261.2020.9090691 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Research on Indoor Position Fingerprint Location Based on Machine Learning combined Particle Filter
Yuan, Z., Zhang, X., Zhou, P., et al. (2019) · International Conference on Safety Produce Informatization (IICSPI) · doi:10.1109/iicspi48186.2019.9095921 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Kudoh, E., & Karino, K. (2019) · International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks · doi:10.1109/icufn.2019.8806108 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Research on Radio Frequency Finerprint Licalization based on Machine Learning
Chen, Z. (2021) · International Conference on Machine Learning, Big Data and Business Intelligence (MLBDBI) · doi:10.1109/mlbdbi54094.2021.00008 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Chung, M. (2026) · Signals · doi:10.3390/signals7040067
“To mitigate these issues, edge-centric architectures have been explored, in which preliminary filtering and aggregation are performed on local nodes to reduce response times and offload the cloud [17,18].”
- Authors
- Avellenada, D., Mendez, D., & Fortino, G.
- Affiliations
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (CO)
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana,Dept. of Electronics Engineering,Bogotá,Colombia
- University of Calabria (IT)
- ORCID
- Fortino, Giancarlo
- Venue
- 2022 IEEE Intl Conf on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, Intl Conf on Pervasive Intelligence and Computing, Intl Conf on Cloud and Big Data Computing, Intl Conf on Cyber Science and Technology Congress (DASC/PiCom/CBDCom/CyberSciTech)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2022-09-12
- Pages
- 1-8
- OpenAlex
- W4312665750
- Cited by
- 5
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 1.21
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Intl Conf on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, Intl Conf on Pervasive Intelligence and Computing, Intl Conf on Cloud and Big Data Computing, Intl Conf on Cyber Science and Technology Congress (DASC/PiCom/CBDCom/CyberSciTech) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Optical Wireless Communication Technologies
- Keywords
- indoor positioning, Bluetooth Low Energy, edge machine learning, TinyML, iBeacon, location estimation, deep learning, Internet of Things, location-based services
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