The DOI matches its Crossref record; 77 of the 81 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Robots for Joy, Robots for Sorrow: Community Based Robot Design for Dementia Caregivers
Abstract
Many new technologies are being built to support people with dementia. However, they largely focus on the people with dementia; consequently, informal caregivers, one of the most important stakeholders in dementia care, remain invisible within the technology design space. In this paper, we present a six-month long, community-based design research process where we collaborated with dementia caregiver support groups to design robots for dementia caregiving. The contributions of this paper are threefold. First, we broaden the context of dementia robot design to give a more prominent role to informal family care-givers in the co-design process. Second, we provide new design guidelines that contextualize robots within the family caregiving paradigm, which suggest new roles and behaviors of robots. These include lessening emotional labor by communicating information caregivees do not want to hear (e.g., regarding diet or medication) or providing redirection during emotionally difficult times, as well as facilitating positive shared moments. Third, our work found connections between certain robot attributes and their relationship to the stage of dementia a caregivee is experiencing. For example, caregivers wanted their robots to facilitate interaction with their caregivees in early stages of dementia, yet be in the background. However, for later stages of dementia, they wanted robots to replace caregiver-caregivee interaction to lessen their emotional burden, and be foregrounded. These connections provide important insights in to how we think about adaptability and long-term interaction in HRI. We hope our work provides new avenues for HRI researchers to studying robots for dementia caregivers by engaging in community-based design.
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In the citing paper
“Moharana et al. [62] support this in their work, stating that informal caregivers are often invisible within the design space.”
From Participatory Design, Development, and Testing of Assistive Health Robots with Older Adults: An International Four-year Project (2022) · cites this paper as [62]
In the citing paper
“They found that including caregivers of older adults helped them to understand the role that robots could play at each stage of dementia.”
From Participatory Design, Development, and Testing of Assistive Health Robots with Older Adults: An International Four-year Project (2022) · cites this paper as [62]
Citations
Cites
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Constructing grounded theory. A practical guide through qualitative analysis
Brink, E., Dellve, L., Hallberg, U. E., Abrahamsson, K. H., Klingberg, G., & Wentz, K. (2006) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.3402/qhw.v1i3.4932 · Cited by 6,913
Dementia prevention, intervention, and care
Livingston, G., Sommerlad, A., Orgeta, V., Costafreda, S. G., Huntley, J., Ames, D., Ballard, C., Banerjee, S., Burns, A., Cohen-Mansfield, J., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31363-6 · Cited by 6,072
The Uncanny Valley [From the Field]
Mori, M., MacDorman, K., & Kageki, N. (2012) · IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine · doi:10.1109/mra.2012.2192811 · Cited by 3,542
Research through design as a method for interaction design research in HCI
Zimmerman, J., Forlizzi, J., & Evenson, S. (2007) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1240624.1240704 · Cited by 2,634
Family caregivers of people with dementia
Brodaty, H., & Donkin, M. (2009) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2009.11.2/hbrodaty · Cited by 1,644
Feil-Seifer, D., & Matarić, M. J. (2005) · International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics · doi:10.1109/icorr.2005.1501143 · Cited by 1,048
Reminiscence therapy for dementia
Woods, B. T., O’Philbin, L., Farrell, E. M., Spector, A. E., & Orrell, M. W. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001120.pub3 · Cited by 880
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Goetz, J. L., Kiesler, S. B., & Powers, A. (2004) · doi:10.1109/roman.2003.1251796 · Cited by 785
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Flagged first, then by citations
4 of the 81 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- 2018, National research summit on care services and supports for persons with dementia and their caregivers
- tapus, 2008, Cognitive assistance and physical therapy for dementia patients using socially assistive robots, Social Interaction with Intelligent Indoor Robots (SI3R)
- 0, Social security database
- riek, 2011, Exposure to cinematic depictions of robots and attitudes towards them, Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction Workshop on Expectations and Intuitive Human-Robot Interaction
- 2015, Caregiving in the US, National Alliance for Caregiving and the AARP Public Policy Institute, 1
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- lynn, 2015, Frail frightened and forgotten Our fate unless we change it
Cited by
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Items 101–105 of 105
Bridging the Gap: Advancements in Interactive Technology to Support Dementia Care – A Scoping Review
Ma, Y., Nordberg, O. E., Zhang, Y., Rongve, A., Bachinski, M., & Fjeld, M. (2026) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-30041-6_11
Shin, S., Chandra, S., Rajan, A., Shah, S., & Dautenhahn, K. (2026) · Advanced Robotics · doi:10.1080/01691864.2026.2700312
Robots for behavioral and mental healthcare: challenges and opportunities
Riek, L. D. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33151-0.00007-1
Self-citationRobotics for Aging Populations
Mo, K. H., Chen, F., & Barresi, G. (2026) · Springer tracts in advanced robotics · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-19374-2_24
Accounting for the Unaccounted in AI and Care: Bringing Young Carers into the AI Realm
Tanqueray, L., & Papadopoulos, C. (2026) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/83021
Metadata
- Authors
- Moharana, S., Panduro, A. E., Lee, H. R., & Riek, L. D.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Venue
- 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2019-03
- Pages
- 458-467
- OpenAlex
- W2931420217
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 14.86
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Technology Use by Older Adults
- Keywords
- dementia caregiving, informal caregivers, assistive robots, human-robot interaction, community-based design, co-design, design guidelines, emotional labor, family caregiving, robot adaptability, long-term interaction, caregiver support groups
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