High Frequency Ripple Injection Signals for the Effective Utilization of Residential EV Storage in Future Power Grids with Rooftop PV System
Abstract
The electrification of the transport industry is expected to have a major impact on the operation of future distribution grids which includes overloading of components, voltage unbalance and power quality issues. This paper proposes the use of Ripple Injection Load Control Signals for the control of EV charging load, considering a large integration of PV systems in the grid. Currently Ripple Injection signals are widely used by distribution network service providers (DNSPs) around the world for control of loads such as streetlights and hot water systems. Ripple Injection Signals or Audio Frequency Injection Control (AFIC) signals are the applications of a high frequency signal superimposed on to the 50/60 Hz supply. The proposed control will make use of the existing infrastructure and offers a viable solution where a smart grid solution is not available. AFIC signals can be encoded in binary to carry different information which can be used to set the maximum allowable charging rate of future charging stations or activate the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) mode when necessary. This provides a method to control the EV load depending on the stochastic nature of a future grid. A multimode energy management algorithm has been proposed depending on the load consumption of a particular substation. A power flow simulation study have been used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
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In reference [46], a multimodal control strategy regulating EV charging with V2G was successful in maintaining distribution network voltage levels within the desired threshold.
“The results demonstrated that the proposed technique was successful in maintaining the distribution network voltage levels within the desired threshold.”
From Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study (2026) · cites this paper as [46]
The study in [46] did not consider the PQ issues introduced when using high-frequency control signals.
“The study, however, did not consider the PQ issues introduced when using the high-frequency control signals.”
From Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study (2026) · cites this paper as [46]
Cites
Erdinc, O., Paterakis, N. G., Mendes, T. D. P., Bakirtzis, A. G., & P. S. Catalao, J. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid · doi:10.1109/tsg.2014.2352650 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
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Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study
Rahman, O., Elphick, S., & Robinson, D. A. (2026) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics15051074 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Rahman, O., Muttaqi, K. M., & Sutanto, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Venue
- 2020 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2020-10-10
- Pages
- 1-5
- ISSN
- 0197-2618 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3127936547
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 0.70
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Smart Grid Energy Management
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Optimal Power Flow Distribution
- Keywords
- rooftop photovoltaic systems, vehicle-to-grid, energy management algorithm, voltage unbalance, power quality
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