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Wallflower: principles and practice of background maintenance
Abstract
Background maintenance is a frequent element of video surveillance systems. We develop Wallflower, a three-component system for background maintenance: the pixel-level component performs Wiener filtering to make probabilistic predictions of the expected background; the region-level component fills in homogeneous regions of foreground objects; and the frame-level component detects sudden, global changes in the image and swaps in better approximations of the background. We compare our system with 8 other background subtraction algorithms. Wallflower is shown to outperform previous algorithms by handling a greater set of the difficult situations that can occur. Finally, we analyze the experimental results and propose normative principles for background maintenance.
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Cited by
Statistical Modeling of Complex Backgrounds for Foreground Object Detection
Li, L., Huang, W., Gu, I. Y.-H., & Tian, Q. (2004) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2004.836169 · Cited by 991
Detecting moving shadows: algorithms and evaluation
Prati, A., Mikic, I., Trivedi, M. M., & Cucchiara, R. (2003) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2003.1206520 · Cited by 760
Background subtraction in real applications: Challenges, current models and future directions
Garcia-Garcia, B., Bouwmans, T., & Rosales Silva, A. J. (2020) · Computer Science Review · doi:10.1016/j.cosrev.2019.100204 · Cited by 337
Object Detection and Tracking for Autonomous Navigation in Dynamic Environments
Ess, A., Schindler, K., Leibe, B., & Van Gool, L. (2010) · The International Journal of Robotics Research · doi:10.1177/0278364910365417 · Cited by 191
Metadata
- Authors
- Toyama, K., Krumm, J., Brumitt, B., & Meyers, B.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 1999
- Pages
- 255-261 vol.1
- OpenAlex
- W2148290050
- Cited by
- 1,696
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 21.09
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Wallflower: principles and practice of background maintenance. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/iccv.1999.791228
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- Toyama, K., Krumm, J., Brumitt, B., & Meyers, B. (1999). Wallflower: principles and practice of background maintenance. Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccv.1999.791228
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