The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
CvT: Introducing Convolutions to Vision Transformers
Open accessAbstract
We present in this paper a new architecture, named Convolutional vision Transformer (CvT), that improves Vision Transformer (ViT) in performance and efficiency by introducing convolutions into ViT to yield the best of both de-signs. This is accomplished through two primary modifications: a hierarchy of Transformers containing a new convolutional token embedding, and a convolutional Transformer block leveraging a convolutional projection. These changes introduce desirable properties of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to the ViT architecture (i.e. shift, scale, and distortion invariance) while maintaining the merits of Transformers (i.e. dynamic attention, global context, and better generalization). We validate CvT by conducting extensive experiments, showing that this approach achieves state-of-the-art performance over other Vision Transformers and ResNets on ImageNet-1k, with fewer parameters and lower FLOPs. In addition, performance gains are maintained when pretrained on larger datasets (e.g. ImageNet-22k) and fine-tuned to downstream tasks. Pretrained on ImageNet-22k, our CvT-W24 obtains a top-1 accuracy of 87.7% on the ImageNet-1k val set. Finally, our results show that the positional encoding, a crucial component in existing Vision Transformers, can be safely re-moved in our model, simplifying the design for higher resolution vision tasks. Code will be released at https://github.com/microsoft/CvT.
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Cites
Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition
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BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding
Devlin, J., Chang, M.-W., Lee, K., & Toutanova, K. (2018) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1810.04805 · Cited by 73,173
ImageNet: A large-scale hierarchical image database
Deng, J., Dong, W., Socher, R., Li, L.-J., Li, K., & Fei-Fei, L. (2009) · 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206848 · Cited by 65,333
BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding
Devlin, J., Chang, M.-W., Lee, K., & Toutanova, K. (2019) · Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers) · doi:10.18653/v1/n19-1423 · Cited by 54,325
Xception: Deep Learning with Depthwise Separable Convolutions
Chollet, F. (2017) · 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.195 · Cited by 20,380
End-to-End Object Detection with Transformers
Carion, N., Massa, F., Synnaeve, G., Usunier, N., Kirillov, A., & Zagoruyko, S. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2005.12872 · Cited by 18,253
EfficientNet: Rethinking Model Scaling for Convolutional Neural Networks
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Pyramid Vision Transformer: A Versatile Backbone for Dense Prediction without Convolutions
Wang, W., Xie, E., Li, X., Fan, D.-P., Song, K., Liang, D., Lu, T., Luo, P., & Shao, L. (2021) · 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv48922.2021.00061 · Cited by 5,259 · cited 16×
“With fewer paramerters, CvT-13 achieves a 81.6% ImageNet Top-1 accuracy, outperforming PVT-Small [34], T2T-ViT t -14 [41], TNT-S [14] by 1.7%, 0.8%, 0.2% respectively.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAutomated Flower Classification over a Large Number of Classes
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Cited by
Liu, Z., Mao, H., Wu, C.-Y., Feichtenhofer, C., Darrell, T., & Xie, S. (2022) · 2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr52688.2022.01167 · Cited by 8,494
SegFormer: Simple and Efficient Design for Semantic Segmentation with Transformers
Xie, E., Wang, W., Yu, Z., Anandkumar, A., Alvarez, J. M., & Luo, P. (2021) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2105.15203 · Cited by 5,090
Han (2023) · doi:10.1109/tpami.2022.3152247 · Cited by 4,682
Transformers in Vision: A Survey
Khan, S., Naseer, M., Hayat, M., Zamir, S. W., Khan, F. S., & Shah, M. (2022) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3505244 · Cited by 3,595
Attention mechanisms in computer vision: A survey
Guo, M.-H., Xu, T.-X., Liu, J.-J., Liu, Z.-N., Jiang, P.-T., Mu, T.-J., Zhang, S.-H., Martin, R. R., Cheng, M.-M., & Hu, S.-M. (2022) · Computational Visual Media · doi:10.1007/s41095-022-0271-y · Cited by 2,566
“[97, 46, 139, 70, 128, 36, 11, 156] , [137, 143, 63, 161, 159, 6, 177, 80] , [67, 180, 10, 23, 24, 163, 155, 151] , [44, 49, 106, 64, 168, 18, 11, 36] , [48, 16, 169, 153, 174, 127, 53, 92] , [89, 21, 5, 134, 65, 171, 2, 109] , [45, 82, 157, 91, 100, 129, 146, 131] , [138, 85, 175, 76, 166, 133, 167, 172] , [41, 1, 17…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Wu, H., Xiao, B., Codella, N., Liu, M., Dai, X., Yuan, L., & Zhang, L.
- Venue
- 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2021-10
- Pages
- 22-31
- OpenAlex
- W3204076343
- Cited by
- 2,444
- References
- 18
- FWCI
- 147.45
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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