The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Experimental Optical Setup to Measure Power Loss versus Fiber Bent Radius for Tapping into Optical Fiber Communication Links
Abstract
Optical fiber communication was widely believed that an optical network was a good way to prevent hacking through wiretaps which intercept network data. However, fiber optic cable is not particularly secure. Various tapping methods can be used to extract data from fiber optic networks with little or no risk of detection. One of the easiest ways of intruding into a fiber optic communication link is creating a bend on the fiber cable. Even small percentage of the transmitted light acquired with the bending method is enough for recovering the data by the attacker. Though there are some techniques and devices that can track the power and intensity inside the fiber cable, these methods cannot detect an attack exploiting small leakage. Therefore, it is critical to determine a range of radii of curvature for which tapping attacks are not detectable. Though there are some studies to quantify the power loss both theoretically and numerically, as of the authors' knowledge, there has not been any experimental validation of those studies. In this respect, an experimental optical setup and a technique relying on the ADC conversion capability of Arduino UNO to measure power loss resulting from different bending radii are proposed in this paper. A lower limit for radius of curvature for an attack to be undetected is obtained and the estimations in the literature for power loss resulting from fiber bending is validated.
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The communication system may undergo a minor power reduction and a bending-induced change in SOP, both of which can be detected by an SOP detection system.
“The communication system may undergo a minor power reduction [37,38] and a bending-induced change in SOP [39], both of which can be detected by an SOP detection system.”
From Resilient Anomaly Detection in Fiber-Optic Networks: A Machine Learning Framework for Multi-Threat Identification Using State-of-Polarization Monitoring (2025) · cites this paper as [38]
One consequence of fiber spoofing for the communication system is a small received power drop, in parallel with a bending-induced SOP variation, both of which can be detected by a SOP-sensing system.
“One of the consequences for the communication system is a small received power drop [48,49], in parallel with a bending-induced SOP variation [50], both of which can be detected by a SOP-sensing system.”
From Overview on the state of polarization sensing: application scenarios and anomaly detection algorithms (2025) · cites this paper as [49]
Citations
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Flagged first, then by citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pellegrini, S., Minelli, L., Andrenacci, L., Rizzelli, G., Pilori, D., Bosco, G., Della Chiesa, L., Crognale, C., Piciaccia, S., & Gaudino, R. (2025) · Journal of Optical Communications and Networking · doi:10.1364/jocn.537881 · Cited by 38
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Metadata
- Authors
- Yilmaz, A. K., Deniz, A., & Yuksel, H.
- Affiliations
- Boğaziçi University (TR)
- Bogazici University,Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Istanbul,Turkey
- ORCID
- Yuksel, Heha
- Venue
- 2021 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2021-12-09
- Pages
- 1-6
- OpenAlex
- W4211104254
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 2.75
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Optical Network Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Communication Security Techniques
- Keywords
- fiber bending, power losses, radius of curvature, undetectable attacks, Arduino Uno
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