Multilevel Converters: Fundamental Circuits and Systems
Abstract
This paper provides a chronological overview of the topology for multilevel converters, and discusses their different terminology usages and characteristics. The multilevel converters include three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) and neutral-point-piloted (NPP) inverters, three-level and four-level flying-capacitor (FLC) inverters, and a family of modular multilevel cascade converters. Some have already been put into commercial use, some have been on a research and development stage, and others have been on an academic research stage. This paper pays much attention to six family members of the modular multilevel cascade converters, intended for grid-tied applications and medium-voltage high-power motor drives.
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Three-level NPC is widely adopted in industry, including in active power filters, STATCOM, and SST.
“Three-level NPC is widely adopted in the industry which can be seen in applications like active power filters, STATCOM and also SST [39].”
From State of the Art of Solid-State Transformers: Advanced Topologies, Implementation Issues, Recent Progress and Improvements (2020) · cites this paper as [39]
Cites
Modular Multilevel Converter AC Motor Drives With Constant Torque From Zero to Nominal Speed
Antonopoulos, A., Angquist, L., Norrga, S., Ilves, K., Harnefors, L., & Nee, H.-P. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/tia.2013.2286217 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
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Hannan, M. A., Ker, P. J., Lipu, M. S. H., Choi, Z. H., Rahman, M. S. A., Muttaqi, K. M., & Blaabjerg, F. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.2967345 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
- Authors
- Akagi, H.
- Affiliations
- Tokyo Institute of Technology (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Akagi, Hirofumi
- ORCID
- Akagi, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Proceedings of the IEEE
- Published
- 2017-11
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2048-2065
- ISSN
- 0018-9219 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-2256
- OpenAlex
- W2605820745
- Cited by
- 513
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 24.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Proceedings of the IEEE (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (25249029)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Multilevel Inverters and Converters
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › HVDC Systems and Fault Protection
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies
- Keywords
- multilevel converters, converter topology, neutral point clamped inverter, flying capacitor inverter, modular multilevel cascade converter, medium voltage drives, high-power motor drives
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