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Cited by 253

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 213 of the 213 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Machine Learning for Microcontroller-Class Hardware: A Review

Open access
Saha, Swapnil Sayan, Sandha, Sandeep Singh, Srivastava, Mani·2022·IEEE Sensors Journal
DOI 10.1109/jsen.2022.3210773
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Abstract

The advancements in machine learning opened a new opportunity to bring intelligence to the low-end Internet-of-Things nodes such as microcontrollers. Conventional machine learning deployment has high memory and compute footprint hindering their direct deployment on ultra resource-constrained microcontrollers. This paper highlights the unique requirements of enabling onboard machine learning for microcontroller class devices. Researchers use a specialized model development workflow for resource-limited applications to ensure the compute and latency budget is within the device limits while still maintaining the desired performance. We characterize a closed-loop widely applicable workflow of machine learning model development for microcontroller class devices and show that several classes of applications adopt a specific instance of it. We present both qualitative and numerical insights into different stages of model development by showcasing several use cases. Finally, we identify the open research challenges and unsolved questions demanding careful considerations moving forward.

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Citations

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Show all 213 references

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Cited by

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Metadata

Authors
Saha, S. S., Sandha, S. S., & Srivastava, M.
Venue
IEEE Sensors Journal
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published
2022-11-15
Volume
22
Issue
22
Pages
21362-21390
ISSN
  • 1530-437X (ISSN-L)
  • 1558-1748
  • 2379-9153
DOI
10.1109/jsen.2022.3210773
OpenAlex
W4309287541
Cited by
253
References
213
FWCI
21.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green
Licence
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (1P41EB028242)
  • Army Research Laboratory (W911NF-17-2-0196)
  • Semiconductor Research Corporation (S201617)

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Machine Learning for Microcontroller-Class Hardware: A Review. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/jsen.2022.3210773
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Saha, S. S., Sandha, S. S., & Srivastava, M. (2022). Machine Learning for Microcontroller-Class Hardware: A Review. IEEE Sensors Journal. https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2022.3210773

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