Time-Varying Channel and Intrablock Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation for OFDM Underwater Acoustic Communication
Abstract
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a prevalent scheme for medium-range high-speed underwater acoustic communication; therefore, carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation and compensation have been widely researched to maintain the orthogonality among subcarriers. However, the CFO is assumed to be a constant, or it changes only among the OFDM blocks for convenience. Few studies have focused on the intrablock CFO, which is a practical case. In this study, a slowly time-varying channel and intrablock CFO sequential estimation for OFDM is proposed based on the relationship between the channel impulse response and the CFO. First, the relationship was introduced based on block-type pilot signals filled with chirp signals. Subsequently, the fractional Fourier transform of the chirp signals is adopted to achieve coarse channel estimation. Consequently, a differential evolution algorithm is applied to refine it iteratively. Therefore, the CFO on the pilot blocks is extracted with accurate channel estimation. Finally, the CFO of each subcarrier within the data blocks is obtained by performing interpolation in the time domain. The proposed time-varying channel and intrablock CFO estimations are verified by conducting simulation experiments based on the measured environmental parameters of Fuxian Lake. The accuracy of the channel estimation of the proposed method is significantly higher than those of the other compared methods. The accuracies of the delay and amplitude…
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In the actual MPT system, the frequency modulation rate varies based on sampling frequency offset, optimal order, modulation rate, and so on.
“In the actual MPT system, the frequency modulation rate varies based on sampling frequency offset, optimal order, modulation rate, and so on.”
From A Fractional Fourier Transform-Based Channel Estimation and Equalization Algorithm for Mud Pulse Telemetry (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
Determining the optimal order is crucial when employing the fractional Fourier transform for channel estimation.
“Therefore, determining the optimal order is crucial when employing the fractional Fourier transform for channel estimation [32].”
From A Fractional Fourier Transform-Based Channel Estimation and Equalization Algorithm for Mud Pulse Telemetry (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Wang, H., Jiang, W., Hu, Q., Zeng, Z., & Li, Z.
- Affiliations
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- Xiamen University (CN)
- Venue
- IEEE Sensors Journal
- Published
- 2024-06-01
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 18405-18417
- ISSN
- 1530-437X (ISSN-L)
- 1558-1748
- 2379-9153
- OpenAlex
- W4394994331
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 1.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Sensors Journal (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (U22A2012)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (SML2023SP232)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Ocean Engineering › Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › PAPR reduction in OFDM
- Keywords
- OFDM, underwater acoustic communication, time-varying channel estimation, carrier frequency offset estimation, fractional Fourier transform, differential evolution, channel impulse response, subcarrier orthogonality, bit error rate
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