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Advancements in Vehicular Communication Technologies: C-V2X and NR-V2X Comparison
Abstract
Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) is one of the key enabling vehicular communication technologies endorsed by the vehicular industry, scientists, and researchers. Introduced by the 3GPP, LTE device-to-device in Release 12 evolved into C-V2X with mode 3 and mode 4. In mode 4, semi-persistent -scheduling-based sensing is performed by vehicles to select resources. However, when the density of vehicles increases, the performance of C-V2X mode 4 degrades. To address this challenge, 3GPP Release 16 introduced New Radio (NR) for V2X services, also known as NR-V2X. Modes 1 and 2 along with four additional sub-modes were considered in NR-V2X to achieve high reliability and higher throughput with low latency. This article discusses and evaluates the advancements introduced in NR-V2X by comparative analysis with C-V2X. To compare the performance, an NR-V2X simulator based on a network simulator (ns-3) for sub-6 GHz band is also introduced. In addition, feasible practical solutions to resolve resource selection problems are also discussed.
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“Geo-based scheduling [114], [9], [115] is an emerging resource allocation scheme for 6G V2X sidelink communication.It leverages the vehicles' geographical information to optimize resource allocation, improving communication efficiency and reducing interference.”
From Towards 6G V2X Sidelink: Survey of Resource Allocation—Mathematical Formulations, Challenges, and Proposed Solutions (2024) · cites this paper as [114]
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Research works printed but not linked: 4
- 2019, Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Study on Architecture Enhancements for the Evolved Packet System (EPS) and the 5G System (5GS) to Support Advanced V2X Services, 3GPP
- 2020, Overall Description of Radio Access Network (RAN) Aspects for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Based on LTE and NR (v16.0.0, Release 16), 3GPP
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Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything simulator for urban scenario
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Metadata
- Authors
- Saad, M. M., Khan, M. T. R., Shah, S. H. A., & Kim, D.
- Affiliations
- Kyungpook National University (KR)
- Venue
- IEEE Communications Magazine
- Published
- 2021-08
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 107-113
- ISSN
- 0163-6804 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-1896
- OpenAlex
- W3196319920
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 5.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Communications Magazine (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education (2016R1D1A3B01015510)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Traffic control and management
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Optical Wireless Communication Technologies
- Keywords
- C-V2X, NR-V2X, vehicular communication, 3GPP Release 16, semi-persistent scheduling, resource selection, traffic density, sub-6 GHz, ns-3 network simulator, network performance evaluation, low latency, high throughput
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