The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Advancements in Vehicular Communication Technologies: C-V2X and NR-V2X Comparison
Abstract
Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) is one of the key enabling vehicular communication technologies endorsed by the vehicular industry, scientists, and researchers. Introduced by the 3GPP, LTE device-to-device in Release 12 evolved into C-V2X with mode 3 and mode 4. In mode 4, semi-persistent -scheduling-based sensing is performed by vehicles to select resources. However, when the density of vehicles increases, the performance of C-V2X mode 4 degrades. To address this challenge, 3GPP Release 16 introduced New Radio (NR) for V2X services, also known as NR-V2X. Modes 1 and 2 along with four additional sub-modes were considered in NR-V2X to achieve high reliability and higher throughput with low latency. This article discusses and evaluates the advancements introduced in NR-V2X by comparative analysis with C-V2X. To compare the performance, an NR-V2X simulator based on a network simulator (ns-3) for sub-6 GHz band is also introduced. In addition, feasible practical solutions to resolve resource selection problems are also discussed.
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“Geo-based scheduling [114], [9], [115] is an emerging resource allocation scheme for 6G V2X sidelink communication.It leverages the vehicles' geographical information to optimize resource allocation, improving communication efficiency and reducing interference.”
From Towards 6G V2X Sidelink: Survey of Resource Allocation—Mathematical Formulations, Challenges, and Proposed Solutions (2024) · cites this paper as [114]
Citations
Cites
A tutorial on 5G NR V2X communications
Garcia, M. H. C., Molina-Galan, A., Boban, M., Gozalvez, J., Coll-Perales, B., Şahin, T., & Kousaridas, A. (2021) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2021.3057017 · Cited by 975
Molina-Masegosa, R., & Gozálvez, J. (2017) · IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine · doi:10.1109/mvt.2017.2752798 · Cited by 757
Analytical Models of the Performance of C-V2X Mode 4 Vehicular Communications
Gonzalez-Martin, M., Sepulcre, M., Molina-Masegosa, R., & Gozálvez, J. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2018.2888704 · Cited by 346
Molina-Masegosa, R., Gozálvez, J., & Sepulcre, M. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3007115 · Cited by 186
3GPP NR sidelink transmissions toward 5G V2X
Lien, S.-Y., Deng, D.-J., Lin, C.-C., Tsai, H.-L., Chen, T., Guo, C., & Cheng, S.-M. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.2973706 · Cited by 172
New Radio (NR) and its Evolution toward 5G-Advanced
Kim, Y., Sun, F., Wang, Y., Qi, Y., Lee, J., Kim, Y., Oh, J., Ji, H., Yeo, J., Choi, S., et al. (2019) · IEEE Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/mwc.2019.8752473 · Cited by 107
Zugno, T., Drago, M., Giordani, M., Polese, M., & Zorzi, M. (2020) · IEEE Communications Magazine · doi:10.1109/mcom.001.2000041 · Cited by 85
Jeon, J. (2018) · IEEE Communications Magazine · doi:10.1109/mcom.2018.1700736 · Cited by 84
Supporting Vehicle-to-Everything Services by 5G New Radio Release-16 Systems
Ashraf, S. A., Blasco-Serrano, R., Do, H. T., Fodor, G., Zhang, C., & Sun, W. (2020) · IEEE Communications Standards Magazine · doi:10.1109/mcomstd.001.1900047 · Cited by 76
Impact of the Generation Interval on the Performance of Sidelink C-V2X Autonomous Mode
Bartoletti, S., Masini, B. M., Martinez, V., Sarris, I., & Bazzi, A. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3061913 · Cited by 68
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- 2019, Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Study on Architecture Enhancements for the Evolved Packet System (EPS) and the 5G System (5GS) to Support Advanced V2X Services, 3GPP
- 2020, Overall Description of Radio Access Network (RAN) Aspects for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Based on LTE and NR (v16.0.0, Release 16), 3GPP
- 2018, Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Enhancement of 3GPP Support for V2X Scenarios, 3GPP
- 2020, Physical Layer Procedure for Data (v16.3.0, Release 16), 3GPP
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Sorted by citations
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Pei, Z., Xie, L., Lu, J., Zheng, L., & Liu, H. (2026) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s26010350
Rui, Y., Zhuge, Y., Shi, J., Liao, P., Skruch, P., Xu, Y., Mei, P., Girgibo, N. W., & Karimi, H. R. (2026) · Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research · doi:10.2478/jaiscr-2026-0018
FedSAC: A Federated Soft Actor–Critic Approach for Resource Allocation in STAR–RIS-Aided VRCS
Chaudhary, S., Budhiraja, I., Kumar, N., & Woungang, I. (2026) · International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC) · doi:10.1109/iwcmc69287.2026.11579885
Annu, & Sharma, D. (2026) · IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking · doi:10.1109/blackseacom69760.2026.11598495
Indoor Measurements of 5G Sidelink for Broadband Public Safety Applications
Domnik, C., Meuleners, M., & Degen, C. (2026) · European Conference on Antennas and Propagation · doi:10.23919/eucap68105.2026.11612295
PROBE: Reactive MCS Adaptation from Summarized HARQ Feedback for NR Sidelink Groupcast
Lee, S., & Kim, H. (2026) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app16168231
Software Defined Radio Technology For Transmitting Image In Smart Ambulance
Meliala, K. B., Pamungkas, W., & Wicaksono, A. (2026) · International Conference on Electronics Representation and Algorithm (ICERA) · doi:10.1109/icera72709.2026.11666699
Agentic Semantic Communication: Concepts, Architectures, and Visions
Seon, J., Lee, S., Kim, J. Y., Sun, Y. G., Seo, H., Bennis, M., Kim, D. I., & Kim, J. Y. (2026) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2026.3735868
Self-citationSpectrum Sharing for Connected Vehicles and Wi-Fi Using Backward-Compatible Beaconing
Peha, J. M. (2026) · Journal of Information Policy · doi:10.5325/jinfopoli.16.2026.0017
A Methodological Framework for Developing a Campus-Scale V2X Living Lab
Cunha, R., Gouveia, A. J., Barroso, J., & Reis, A. (2026) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2026.3741524
Age‐of‐Information‐Aware Bandwidth Resource Allocation Strategy for NR‐V2X
Jiang, X., 蒋瑜洁, Zhu, Y., Lv, J., & Song, X. (2026) · IET Communications · doi:10.1049/cmu2.70229
Metadata
- Authors
- Saad, M. M., Khan, M. T. R., Shah, S. H. A., & Kim, D.
- Affiliations
- Kyungpook National University (KR)
- Venue
- IEEE Communications Magazine
- Published
- 2021-08
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 107-113
- ISSN
- 0163-6804 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-1896
- OpenAlex
- W3196319920
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 5.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Communications Magazine (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education (2016R1D1A3B01015510)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Traffic control and management
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Optical Wireless Communication Technologies
- Keywords
- C-V2X, NR-V2X, vehicular communication, 3GPP Release 16, semi-persistent scheduling, resource selection, traffic density, sub-6 GHz, ns-3 network simulator, network performance evaluation, low latency, high throughput
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