Spectral and energy efficiency of ultra-dense networks under different deployment strategies
Abstract
To tackle the 1000× mobile data challenge, the research towards the 5th generation of mobile cellular networks is currently ongoing. One clear enabler toward substantially improved network area capacities is the increasing level of network densification at different layers of the overall heterogeneous radio access system. Ultra-dense deployments, or DenseNets, seek to take network densification to a whole new level, where extreme spatial reuse is deployed. This article looks into DenseNets from the perspectives of different deployment strategies, covering the densification of the classical macro layer, extremely dense indoor femto layer, as well as outdoor distributed antenna system (DAS), which can be dynamically configured as a single microcell or multiple independent microcells. Also, the potential of a new indoor-to-outdoor service provisioning paradigm is examined. The different deployment solutions are analyzed from the network area spectral and network energy efficiency perspectives, with extreme densification levels, including both indoor and outdoor use scenarios. The obtained results indicate that dedicated indoor solutions with densely deployed femtocells are much more spectrumand energy-efficient approaches to address the enormous indoor capacity demands compared to densifying the outdoor macro layer, when the systems are pushed to their capacity limits. Furthermore, the dynamic outdoor DAS concept offers an efficient and capacity-adaptive solution to provide outdoor capacity, on demand, in urban areas.
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Cooperative relay communications and network densification help reduce the transmit power of mobile devices by reducing the per-hop signal propagation distance.
“Cooperative relay communications and network densification would also help to reduce the transmit power of mobile device by reducing the per-hop signal propagation distance [64], [65].”
From What should 6G be? (2020) · cites this paper as [65]
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- Authors
- Yunas, S., Valkama, M., & Niemelä, J.
- Affiliations
- Tampere University of Technology (FI)
- Elisa (Finland) (FI)
- Venue
- IEEE Communications Magazine
- Published
- 2015-01
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 90-100
- ISSN
- 0163-6804 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2043827481
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 18.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Communications Magazine (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Tekes
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › UAV Applications and Optimization
- Keywords
- ultra-dense networks, network densification, spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, femtocells, distributed antenna systems, microcells, heterogeneous cellular networks, 5G
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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