A Vision of 6G Wireless Systems: Applications, Trends, Technologies, and Open Research Problems

Artificial Neural Networks-Based Machine Learning for Wireless Networks: A Tutorial

Chen, M., Challita, U., Saad, W., Yin, C., & Debbah, M. A. (2019) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2019.2926625 · Cited by 1,378

Toward Massive, Ultrareliable, and Low-Latency Wireless Communication With Short Packets

Durisi, G., Koch, T., & Popovski, P. (2016) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2016.2537298 · Cited by 1,182

Beyond Massive MIMO: The Potential of Data Transmission With Large Intelligent Surfaces

Hu, S., Rusek, F., & Edfors, O. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/tsp.2018.2816577 · Cited by 892

Virtual Reality Over Wireless Networks: Quality-of-Service Model and Learning-Based Resource Management

Chen, M., Saad, W., & Yin, C. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Communications · doi:10.1109/tcomm.2018.2850303 · Cited by 289

Intelligent Offloading in Multi-Access Edge Computing: A State-of-the-Art Review and Framework

Cao, B., Zhang, L., Li, Y., Feng, D., & Cao, W. (2019) · IEEE Communications Magazine · doi:10.1109/mcom.2019.1800608 · Cited by 274

Propagation Measurement System and Approach at 140 GHz-Moving to 6G and Above 100 GHz

Xing, Y., & Rappaport, T. S. (2018) · Globecom · doi:10.1109/glocom.2018.8647921 · Cited by 252

Integrated Millimeter Wave and Sub-6 GHz Wireless Networks: A Roadmap for Joint Mobile Broadband and Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications

Semiari, O., Saad, W., Bennis, M., & Debbah, M. A. (2019) · IEEE Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/mwc.2019.1800039 · Cited by 138

Joint Optimization of Radio and Virtual Machine Resources With Uncertain User Demands in Mobile Cloud Computing

Li, Y., Liu, J., Cao, B., & Wang, C. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Multimedia · doi:10.1109/tmm.2018.2796246 · Cited by 119

Human-in-the-Loop Wireless Communications: Machine Learning and Brain-Aware Resource Management

Kasgari, A. T. Z., Saad, W., & Debbah, M. A. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Communications · doi:10.1109/tcomm.2019.2930275 · Cited by 47

Model-Free Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC): A Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework

Kasgari, A. T. Z., & Saad, W. (2019) · International Conference on Communications · doi:10.1109/icc.2019.8761721 · Cited by 45

A smart contract-based robotic surgery authentication system for healthcare using 6G-Tactile Internet

Kumar, N., & Ali, R. (2023) · Computer Networks · doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2023.110133 · Cited by 46

Semantic Communication Empowered 6G Networks: Techniques, Applications, and Challenges

Wang, Y., Han, H., Feng, Y., Zheng, J., & Zhang, B. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3532797 · Cited by 55

Sum-Rate Maximization of Uplink Rate Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA) Communication

Yang, Z., Chen, M., Saad, W., Xu, W., & Shikh‐Bahaei, M. (2019) · Globecom · doi:10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013344 · Cited by 52

A Resource-Efficient Hybrid Proxy Mobile IPv6 Extension for Next-Generation IoT Networks

Hussain, A., Nazir, S., Khan, F., Nkenyereye, L., Ullah, A., Khan, S., Verma, S., & Kavita, K. (2021) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3058982 · Cited by 46

Capacity Characterization for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Assisted Multiple-Antenna Multicast

Du, L., Shao, S., Yang, G., Ma, J., Liang, Q., & Tang, Y. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3078853 · Cited by 46

A Joint Energy and Latency Framework for Transfer Learning Over 5G Industrial Edge Networks

Yang, B. F., Fagbohungbe, O. I., Cao, X., Yuen, C., Qian, L., Niyato, D. T., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics · doi:10.1109/tii.2021.3075444 · Cited by 52

Neurosciences and Wireless Networks: The Potential of Brain-Type Communications and Their Applications

Moioli, R. C., Nardelli, P. H. J., Barros, M. T., Saad, W., Hekmatmanesh, A., Silva, P. E. G., de Sena, A. S., Dzaferagic, M., Šiljak, H., Leekwijck, W. V., et al. (2021) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2021.3090778 · Cited by 64

Expansive networks: Exploiting spectrum sharing for capacity boost and 6G vision

Gür, G. (2020) · Journal of Communications and Networks · doi:10.23919/jcn.2020.000037 · Cited by 46

On The Use of Quantum Communications for Securing IoT Devices in the 6G Era

Al-Mohammed, H. A., & Yaacoub, E. E. (2021) · IEEE International Conference on Communications workshops · doi:10.1109/iccworkshops50388.2021.9473793 · Cited by 45

The SOLIDS 6G Mobile Network Architecture: Driving Forces, Features, and Functional Topology

Liu, G., Li, N., Deng, J., Wang, Y., Sun, J., & Huang, Y. (2021) · Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.eng.2021.07.013 · Cited by 45

Joint Content Caching, Recommendation, and Transmission Optimization for Next Generation Multiple Access Networks

Fu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhu, Q., Chen, M., & Quek, T. Q. S. (2022) · IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications · doi:10.1109/jsac.2022.3146901 · Cited by 45

A novel Distributed AI framework with ML for D2D communication in 5G/6G networks

Ioannou, I., Christophorou, C., Vassiliou, V., & Pitsillides, A. (2022) · Computer Networks · doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2022.108987 · Cited by 45

Distributed Learning for Wireless Communications: Methods, Applications and Challenges

Qian, L., Yang, P., Xiao, M., Dobre, O. A., Renzo, M. D., Li, J., Han, Z., Qin, Y., & Zhao, J. (2022) · IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/jstsp.2022.3156756 · Cited by 47

A Study on Multi-Antenna and Pertinent Technologies with AI/ML Approaches for B5G/6G Networks

Siddiqui, M. U. A., Qamar, F., Kazmi, S. H. A., Hassan, R. B., Arfeen, A., & Nguyễn, Q. N. (2022) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics12010189 · Cited by 45

Opportunistic Fluid Antenna Multiple Access

Wong, K., Tong, K., Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., & Chae, C. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3255940 · Cited by 45

Unlocking a Promising Future: Integrating Blockchain Technology and FL-IoT in the Journey to 6G

Alghamedy, F. H., El-Haggar, N., Alsumayt, A., Alfawaer, Z. M., Alshammari, M., Amouri, L., Aljameel, S. S., & Albassam, S. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3435968 · Cited by 48

Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Vehicular Communication: An Active Learning Approach

Abdel-Aziz, M. K., Samarakoon, S., Bennis, M., & Saad, W. (2019) · IEEE Communications Letters · doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2956929 · Cited by 45

Generalized Coordinated Multipoint Framework for 5G and Beyond

Solaija, M. S. J., Salman, H., Kihero, A. B., Sağlam, M. İ., & Arslan, H. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3079190 · Cited by 45

Transfer Reinforcement Learning for 5G New Radio mmWave Networks

Elsayed, M., Erol‐Kantarci, M., & Yanıkömeroğlu, H. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/twc.2020.3044597 · Cited by 45

Dynamic CU-DU Selection for Resource Allocation in O-RAN Using Actor-Critic Learning

Mollahasani, S., Erol‐Kantarci, M., & Wilson, R. G. (2021) · Globecom · doi:10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685837 · Cited by 45

A Secure Anonymous D2D Mutual Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol for IoT

Hajian, R., Haghighat, A., & Erfani, S. H. (2021) · Internet of Things · doi:10.1016/j.iot.2021.100493 · Cited by 45

Angle-Based SLAM on 5G mmWave Systems: Design, Implementation, and Measurement

Yang, J., Wen, C.-K., Xu, J. J., Que, H., Wei, H., & Jin, S. (2023) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3279287 · Cited by 44

Ensemble Federated Learning With Non-IID Data in Wireless Networks

Zhao, Z., Wang, J., Hong, W., Quek, T. Q. S., Ding, Z., & Peng, M. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3309376 · Cited by 48

Joint User Association and Bandwidth Allocation in Semantic Communication Networks

Xia, L., Sun, Y., Niyato, D. T., Li, X., & Imran, M. A. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3318510 · Cited by 48

Integrated Sensing and Communication System via Dual-Domain Waveform Superposition

Tagliaferri, D., Mizmizi, M., Mura, S., Linsalata, F., Scazzoli, D., Badini, D., Magarini, M., & Spagnolini, U. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3316888 · Cited by 44

Near-Field Modeling and Performance Analysis for Extremely Large-Scale IRS Communications

Feng, C., Lu, H., Zeng, Y., Li, T., Jin, S., & Zhang, R. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/twc.2023.3323770 · Cited by 46

Wideband Transmissive Programmable Metasurface for Adaptive Millimeter‐Wave Beamforming

Tian, J. M., Li, S., He, C., & Zhu, W. (2024) · Laser & Photonics Review · doi:10.1002/lpor.202401333 · Cited by 44

An Overview of Intelligent Meta-Surfaces for 6G and Beyond: Opportunities, Trends, and Challenges

Katwe, M. V., Kaushik, A., Mohjazi, L., Abualhayja’a, M., Dardari, D., Singh, K. K., Imran, M. A., Butt, M. M., & Dobre, O. A. (2024) · IEEE Communications Standards Magazine · doi:10.1109/mcomstd.0001.2400032 · Cited by 44

Exploring the key technologies and applications of 6G wireless communication network

Li, P.-F., Fan, J.-X., & Wu, J.-H. (2025) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.112281 · Cited by 59

A Contemporary Survey on Fluid Antenna Systems: Fundamentals and Networking Perspectives

Hong, H., Wong, K., Chae, C., Xu, H., Guo, X., Ghadi, F. R., Chen, Y., Xu, Y., Liu, B., Tong, K., et al. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3613225 · Cited by 44

A Baseline Roadmap for Advanced Wireless Research Beyond 5G

Mourad, A., Yang, R. J., Lehne, P. H., & de la Oliva, A. (2020) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics9020351 · Cited by 44

Intelligent Offloading for NOMA-Assisted MEC via Dual Connectivity

Li, C., Wang, H., & Song, R. (2020) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3020542 · Cited by 43

Symbiotic Sensing and Communications Towards 6G: Vision, Applications, and Technology Trends

Wang, Z., Han, K., Jiang, J., Wei, Z., Zhu, G., Feng, Z., Lu, J., & Meng, C. (2021) · IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference · doi:10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625159 · Cited by 44

Multi-Beam Steering for 6G Communications Based on Graphene Metasurfaces

Ai, H., Kang, Q., Wang, W., Guo, K., & Guo, Z. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21144784 · Cited by 44

Secure medical digital twin via human-centric interaction and cyber vulnerability resilience

Zhang, J., & Tai, Y. (2021) · Connection Science · doi:10.1080/09540091.2021.2013443 · Cited by 44

AI-Based Mobility-Aware Energy Efficient Resource Allocation and Trajectory Design for NFV Enabled Aerial Networks

Pourghasemian, M., Abedi, M. R., Hosseini, S. S., Mokari, N., Javan, M. R., & Jorswieck, E. A. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking · doi:10.1109/tgcn.2022.3186911 · Cited by 48

THz Channel Sounding and Modeling Techniques: An Overview

Ghosh, A., & Kim, M. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3246161 · Cited by 45

Handover parameter for self-optimisation in 6G mobile networks: A survey

Mahamod, U., Mohamad, H., Shayea, I. A. M., Othman, M., & Asuhaimi, F. A. (2023) · Alexandria Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.aej.2023.07.015 · Cited by 43

Neuro-Symbolic Explainable Artificial Intelligence Twin for Zero-Touch IoE in Wireless Network

Munir, M. S., Kim, K. T., Adhikary, A., Saad, W., Shetty, S. S., Park, S.-B., & Hong, C. S. (2023) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3303713 · Cited by 47

Federated Split Learning With Joint Personalization-Generalization for Inference-Stage Optimization in Wireless Edge Networks

Han, D.-J., Kim, D.-Y., Choi, M., Nickel, D., Moon, J. J., Chiang, M., & Brinton, C. G. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing · doi:10.1109/tmc.2023.3331690 · Cited by 46

Beamforming Optimization for Active RIS-Aided Multiuser Communications With Hardware Impairments

Peng, Z., Zhang, Z., Pan, C., Renzo, M. D., Dobre, O. A., & Wang, J. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3367131 · Cited by 43

On the Study of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)-Assisted Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)

Sun, L., Zhao, Z., Wang, S., Ding, Z., & Peng, M. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Communications · doi:10.1109/tcomm.2024.3407202 · Cited by 43

Simultaneously Transmitting and Reflecting Surfaces for Ubiquitous Next-Generation Multiple Access in 6G and Beyond

Mu, X., Xu, J., Wang, Z., & Al‐Dhahir, N. (2024) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2024.3405351 · Cited by 43

A Primer on Near-Field Communications for Next-Generation Multiple Access

Ouyang, C., Wang, Z., Chen, Y., Mu, X., & Zhu, P. (2024) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2024.3436513 · Cited by 44

Performance Analysis of an Index Modulation-Based Receive Diversity RIS-Assisted Wireless Communication System

Dash, S. P., Mallik, R. K., & Pandey, N. (2022) · IEEE Communications Letters · doi:10.1109/lcomm.2022.3147804 · Cited by 43

Joint Optimization of URLLC Parameters and Beamforming Design for Multi-RIS-Aided MU-MISO URLLC System

Pala, S., Singh, K. K., Katwe, M. V., & Li, C. (2022) · IEEE Wireless Communications Letters · doi:10.1109/lwc.2022.3219599 · Cited by 42

Fully-Decoupled Radio Access Networks: A Resilient Uplink Base Stations Cooperative Reception Framework

Zhao, J., Yu, Q., Qian, B., Yu, K. P., Xu, Y., Zhou, H., & Shen, X. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3231625 · Cited by 42

Antenna With Embedded Die in Glass Interposer for 6G Wireless Applications

Jia, X., Li, X., Erdogan, S., Moon, K., Kim, J. W., Huang, K.-Q., Jordan, M. B., & Swaminathan, M. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Components Packaging and Manufacturing Technology · doi:10.1109/tcpmt.2023.3251725 · Cited by 42

Short-Term Mobile Network Traffic Forecasting Using Seasonal ARIMA and Holt-Winters Models

Kochetkova, I., Kushchazli, A., Burtseva, S., & Gorshenin, A. K. (2023) · Future Internet · doi:10.3390/fi15090290 · Cited by 42

TTD Configurations for Near-Field Beamforming: Parallel, Serial, or Hybrid?

Wang, Z., Mu, X., Liu, Y., & Schober, R. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Communications · doi:10.1109/tcomm.2024.3370832 · Cited by 42

Hybrid Active-Passive RIS Transmitter Enabled Energy-Efficient Multi-User Communications

Huang, A., Mu, X., Guo, L., & Zhu, G. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3373900 · Cited by 42

AI-Empowered Virtual Network Embedding: A Comprehensive Survey

Wu, S., Chen, N., Xiao, A., Zhang, P., Jiang, C., & Zhang, W. (2024) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2024.3424533 · Cited by 46

Channel Characterization and Modeling for VLC-IoE Applications in 6G: A Survey

Tang, P., Yin, Y., Tong, Y., Liu, S., Li, L., Jiang, T., Wang, Q., & Chen, M. (2024) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2024.3430326 · Cited by 42

Advanced Learning Algorithms for Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) Systems in 6G and Beyond: A Comprehensive Survey

Luong, N. C., Huynh‐The, T., Vu, T.-H., Le, D. V., Nguyen, H. T., Hai, N. D., Nguyen, G.-V., Anh, N. D. D., Niyato, D. T., Kim, D. I., et al. (2025) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2025.3584333 · Cited by 45

A vision of 6G – 5G's successor

Lu, Y., & Ning, X. (2020) · Journal of Management Analytics · doi:10.1080/23270012.2020.1802622 · Cited by 52

Joint optimization of NOMA ‐enabled backscatter communications for beyond 5G IoT networks

Khan, W. U., Imtiaz, N., & Ullah, I. (2020) · Internet Technology Letters · doi:10.1002/itl2.265 · Cited by 42

Socially-Aware-Clustering-Enabled Federated Learning for Edge Networks

Khan, L. U., Han, Z., Niyato, D. T., & Hong, C. S. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management · doi:10.1109/tnsm.2021.3090446 · Cited by 42

Enable Fair Proof-of-Work (PoW) Consensus for Blockchains in IoT by Miner Twins (MinT)

Qu, Q., Xu, R., Chen, Y., Blasch, E., & Aved, A. J. (2021) · Future Internet · doi:10.3390/fi13110291 · Cited by 42

New Trends and Advancement in Next Generation Mobile Wireless Communication (6G): A Survey

Ali, S., Sohail, M. A., Shah, S. B. H., Koundal, D., Hassan, M. A., Abdollahi, A., & Khan, I. U. (2021) · Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing · doi:10.1155/2021/9614520 · Cited by 46

Graph Neural Networks Meet Wireless Communications: Motivation, Applications, and Future Directions

Lee, M., Yu, G., Dai, H., & Li, G. Y. (2022) · IEEE Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/mwc.001.2200023 · Cited by 42

Next-generation Wireless Solutions for the Smart Factory, Smart Vehicles, the Smart Grid and Smart CitiesPreprint

Ho, T. M., Tran, T. D., Nguyen, T. T., Kazmi, S. M. A., Le, L. B., Hong, C. S., & Hanzo, L. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1907.10102 · Cited by 49

Auction-Promoted Trading for Multiple Federated Learning Services in UAV-Aided Networks

Cheng, Z., Liwang, M., Xia, X., Min, M., Wang, X., & Du, X. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3184026 · Cited by 41

A survey on privacy for B5G/6G: New privacy challenges, and research directions

Sandeepa, C., Siniarski, B., Kourtellis, N., Wang, S., & Liyanage, M. (2022) · Journal of Industrial Information Integration · doi:10.1016/j.jii.2022.100405 · Cited by 49

Searchable and secure edge pre-cache scheme for intelligent 6G wireless systems

Wang, C., Zhou, T., Shen, J., Wang, W., & Zhou, X. (2022) · Future Generation Computer Systems · doi:10.1016/j.future.2022.10.012 · Cited by 41

Adaptive Information Bottleneck Guided Joint Source and Channel Coding for Image Transmission

Sun, L., Yang, Y., Chen, M., Guo, C., Saad, W., & Poor, H. V. (2023) · IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications · doi:10.1109/jsac.2023.3288238 · Cited by 43

Line-of-Sight Extra-Large MIMO Systems With Angular-Domain Processing: Channel Representation and Transceiver Architecture

Tang, A., Wang, J.-B., Pan, Y., Zhang, W., Chen, Y., Yu, H., & de Lamare, R. C. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Communications · doi:10.1109/tcomm.2023.3323681 · Cited by 41

Sensing as a Service in 6G Perceptive Mobile Networks: Architecture, Advances, and the Road Ahead

Dong, F., Liu, F., Cui, Y., Lu, S., & Li, Y. (2024) · IEEE Network · doi:10.1109/mnet.2024.3352092 · Cited by 41

Unlocking the Ocean 6G: A Review of Path-Planning Techniques for Maritime Data Harvesting Assisted by Autonomous Marine Vehicles

Zhao, L., & Bai, Y. (2024) · Journal of Marine Science and Engineering · doi:10.3390/jmse12010126 · Cited by 41

Security and Privacy Issues and Solutions for UAVs in B5G Networks: A Review

Khan, M. A., Kumar, N., Alsamhi, S. H., Barb, G., Żywiołek, J., Ullah, I., Noor, F., Shah, J. A., & Almuhaideb, A. M. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management · doi:10.1109/tnsm.2024.3487265 · Cited by 53

Joint Design of Surveillance Radar and MIMO Communication in Cluttered Environments

Grossi, E., Lops, M., & Venturino, L. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/tsp.2020.2974708 · Cited by 41

The Internet of No Things: Making the Internet Disappear and "See the Invisible"

Maier, M., Ebrahimzadeh, A., Rostami, S., & Beniiche, A. (2020) · IEEE Communications Magazine · doi:10.1109/mcom.001.2000098 · Cited by 42

Situation-Aware Resource Allocation for Multi-Dimensional Intelligent Multiple Access: A Proactive Deep Learning Framework

Liu, Y., Wang, X., Mei, J., Boudreau, G., Abou-Zeid, H., & Sediq, A. B. (2020) · IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications · doi:10.1109/jsac.2020.3036969 · Cited by 41

Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided NOMA for Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO With Lens Antenna Array

Liu, P., Li, Y., Cheng, W., Gao, X., & Huang, X. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3067938 · Cited by 41

Context-Aware Holographic Communication Based on Semantic Knowledge Extraction

Manolova, A. H., Tonchev, K., Poulkov, V. K., Dixir, S., & Lindgren, P. (2021) · Wireless Personal Communications · doi:10.1007/s11277-021-08560-7 · Cited by 44

Reliable Internet of Things: Challenges and Future Trends

Khan, M. Z., Alhazmi, O. H., Javed, M. A., Ghandorh, H., & Aloufi, K. S. (2021) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics10192377 · Cited by 41

Secure and Reliable Transfer Learning Framework for 6G-Enabled Internet of Vehicles

Xu, M., Hoang, D. T., Kang, J., Niyato, D. T., Yan, Q., & Kim, D. I. (2022) · IEEE Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/mwc.004.2100542 · Cited by 41

D-Band Perfect Anomalous Reflectors for 6G Applications

Kato, Y., Omori, K., & Sanada, A. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3130058 · Cited by 41

Wideband Cell-Free mmWave Massive MIMO-OFDM: Beam Squint-Aware Channel Covariance-Based Hybrid Beamforming

Femenias, G., & Riera-Palou, F. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3132414 · Cited by 40

Overview of Distributed Machine Learning Techniques for 6G Networks

Muscinelli, E., Shinde, S. S., & Tarchi, D. (2022) · Algorithms · doi:10.3390/a15060210 · Cited by 44

A Survey on Intelligent-Reflecting-Surface-Assisted UAV Communications

Park, K.-W., Kim, H. M., & Shin, O. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15145143 · Cited by 42

Fastening the initial access in 5G NR sidelink for 6G V2X networks

Mizmizi, M., Linsalata, F., Brambilla, M., Morandi, F., Dong, K., Magarini, M., Nicoli, M., Khormuji, M. N., Wang, P., Pitaval, R.-A., et al. (2021) · Vehicular Communications · doi:10.1016/j.vehcom.2021.100402 · Cited by 40

6G and Artificial Intelligence Technologies for Dementia Care: Literature Review and Practical Analysis

Su, Z., Bentley, B. L., McDonnell, D., Aḥmad, J., He, J., Shi, F., Takeuchi, K., Cheshmehzangi, A., & da Veiga, C. P. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/30503 · Cited by 44

Mobile Edge Computing Aided Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks

Femenias, G., & Riera-Palou, F. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing · doi:10.1109/tmc.2022.3232510 · Cited by 40

6G Mobile Networks: Key Technologies, Directions, and Advances

Dangi, R., Choudhary, G., Dragoni, N., Lalwani, P., Khare, U., & Kundu, S. (2023) · Telecom · doi:10.3390/telecom4040037 · Cited by 40

Adaptive Multi-UAV Trajectory Planning Leveraging Digital Twin Technology for Urban IIoT Applications

Zhao, L., Li, S., Guan, Y., Wan, S., Hawbani, A., Bi, Y., & Guizani, M. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnse.2023.3344428 · Cited by 40

Toward Natively Intelligent Semantic Communications and Networking

Trevlakis, S. E., Παππάς, Ν., & Boulogeorgos, A. A. (2024) · IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society · doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3371871 · Cited by 45

Computation Offloading and Quantization Schemes for Federated Satellite-Ground Graph Networks

Gong, Y., Yu, D., Cheng, X., Yuen, C., Bennis, M., & Debbah, M. A. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/twc.2024.3409691 · Cited by 40

A Multi-Level Deep RL-Based Network Slicing and Resource Management for O-RAN-Based 6G Cell-Free Networks

Ghafouri, N., Vardakas, J. S., Ramantas, K., & Verikoukis, C. V. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2024.3415656 · Cited by 40

Toward Virtualized Optical-Wireless Heterogeneous Networks

Vujičić, Z., Santos, M. C., Méndez, R., Klaiqi, B., Rodrı́guez, J., Gelabert, X., Rahman, M. A., & Gaudino, R. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3417358 · Cited by 40

A Survey on Physical Layer Security of Ultra/Hyper Reliable Low Latency Communication in 5G and 6G Networks: Recent Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions

Pradhan, A., Das, S., Piran, M. J., & Han, Z. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3429285 · Cited by 51

Next-Generation Multiple Access for Integrated Sensing and Communications

Liu, Y., Huang, T., Liu, F., Ma, D., Huangfu, W., & Eldar, Y. C. (2024) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2024.3449807 · Cited by 40

Communication-Assisted Sensing in 6G Networks

Dong, F., Liu, F., Lu, S., Xiong, Y., Zhang, Q., Feng, Z., & Gao, F. (2025) · IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications · doi:10.1109/jsac.2025.3531548 · Cited by 40

Movable Antenna-Assisted Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems

Jiang, C., Zhang, C., Huang, C., Ge, J., Niyato, D. T., & Yuen, C. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3552843 · Cited by 40

A Comprehensive Review on ISAC for 6G: Enabling Technologies, Security, and AI/ML Perspectives

Aldırmaz-Çolak, S., Namdar, M., Başgümüş, A., Özyurt, S., Kulaç, S., Çalık, N., Yazıcı, M. A., Serbes, A., & Durak-Ata, L. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3573371 · Cited by 40

Energy-Efficiency Power Allocation Design for UAV-Assisted Spatial NOMA

Jia, M., Gao, Q., Guo, Q., & Gu, X. (2020) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3044090 · Cited by 40

Edge Intelligence in Softwarized 6G: Deep Learning-enabled Network Traffic Predictions

Zeb, S., Rathore, M. A., Mahmood, A., Hassan, S. A., Kim, J., & Gidlund, M. (2021) · IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps) · doi:10.1109/gcwkshps52748.2021.9682131 · Cited by 40

Data-Driven RAN Slicing Mechanisms for 5G and Beyond

Bakri, S., Frangoudis, P. A., Ksentini, A., & Bouaziz, M. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management · doi:10.1109/tnsm.2021.3098193 · Cited by 40

HF Skywave Massive MIMO Communication

Yu, X., Lu, A.-A., Gao, X., Li, G. Y., Ding, G., & Wang, C. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/twc.2021.3115820 · Cited by 40

To Talk or to Work: Dynamic Batch Sizes Assisted Time Efficient Federated Learning Over Future Mobile Edge Devices

Shi, D., Li, L., Wu, M., Shu, M., Yu, R., Pan, M., & Han, Z. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3189320 · Cited by 40

Integration of ICN and MEC in 5G and Beyond Networks: Mutual Benefits, Use Cases, Challenges, Standardization, and Future Research

Gür, G., Kalla, A., de Alwis, C., Pham, Q., Ngo, K., Liyanage, M., & Porambage, P. (2022) · IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society · doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2022.3195125 · Cited by 46

Effect of 6G Network in our Environment

Pawar, A. J., & Khan, A. (2024) · International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology · doi:10.48175/ijarsct-15213 · Cited by 1

6G Wireless Systems: Challenges and Opportunities

Saad, W. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-58197-8_7 · Cited by 8

6G Wireless Communication Systems and Its Applications

Swetha, M. S., Muneshwara, M. S., Hegde, A. S. M. M., & Lu, Z. (2023) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-6450-3_25 · Cited by 5

The Road to 6G, Vision, Drivers, Trends, and Challenges

Hassebo, A. (2022) · IEEE Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC) · doi:10.1109/ccwc54503.2022.9720909 · Cited by 10

Wireless Communication Evolution: A Comprehensive review of the Architecture, Technologies, Applications, Challenges, and Future Prospects of 6GPreprint

Raza, U., & Jafri, M. M. R. (2026) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.21798251