The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Using simplicity to control complexity
Abstract
Improving the reliability and availability of increasingly complex software is a serious challenge, especially in efforts to protect society's critical functions. Is it true that building diverse, redundant systems provides robustness? This article investigates the relationship between software complexity, reliability, and development resources. It also presents a forward-recovery approach based on the idea of using simplicity to control complexity as a way to improve the robustness of complex software systems.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Linear Matrix Inequalities in System and Control Theory
Boyd, S., El Ghaoui, L., Feron, E., & Balakrishnan, V. (1994) · Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics eBooks · doi:10.1137/1.9781611970777 · Cited by 21,687
Safeware: System Safety and Computers
Leveson, N. G. (1995) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 1,688
Formal Methods: State of the Art and Future Directions
Clarke, E., Wing, J. M., & Jones, C. B. (1996) · doi:10.25405/ncl.34123050 · Cited by 1,122
Formal methods: state of the art and future directions
Clarke, E. M., & Wing, J. M. (1996) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/242223.242257 · Cited by 763
(2012) · Fundamentals of Dependable Computing for Software Engineers · doi:10.1201/b11667-14 · Cited by 319
The Evolution of the Recovery Block Concept
Randell, B., & Xu, J. (1994) · doi:10.25405/ncl.34123503 · Cited by 172
Analysis of faults in an N-version software experiment
Brilliant, S. S., Knight, J. C., & Leveson, N. G. (1990) · IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering · doi:10.1109/32.44387 · Cited by 165
The Methodology of N-Version Programming
Kuna, P. R. (2019) · Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology · doi:10.51983/ajcst-2019.8.s3.2112 · Cited by 77
Dynamic control system upgrade using the Simplex architecture
Seto, D., Krogh, B. H., Sha, L., et al. (1998) · IEEE Control Systems · doi:10.1109/37.710880 · Cited by 64
Self-citation
Cited by
Toward verified artificial intelligence
Seshia, S. A., Sadigh, D., & Sastry, S. S. (2022) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/3503914 · Cited by 215
Towards Verified Artificial Intelligence
Seshia, S. A., Sadigh, D., & Sastry, S. S. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1606.08514 · Cited by 142
An Analysis of ISO 26262: Machine Learning and Safety in Automotive Software
Salay, R., Queiroz, R., & Czarnecki, K. (2018) · SAE Technical Paper Series · doi:10.4271/2018-01-1075 · Cited by 109
TrackOS: A Security-Aware Real-Time Operating System
Pike, L., Hickey, P., Elliott, T., Mertens, E., & Tomb, A. (2016) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46982-9_19 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Sha, L.
- Venue
- IEEE Software
- Published
- 2001-07
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 20-28
- ISSN
- 0740-7459 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2156093990
- Cited by
- 420
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 17.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Using simplicity to control complexity. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/ms.2001.936213
- The paper
- Sha, L. (2001). Using simplicity to control complexity. IEEE Software. https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2001.936213
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.