Propagation Channels for mmWave Vehicular Communications: State-of-the-art and Future Research Directions
Open accessAbstract
Vehicular communications essentially support automotive applications for safety and infotainment. For this reason, industry leaders envision an enhanced role for vehicular communications in the fifth generation of mobile communications technology. Over the years, the number of vehicle- mounted sensors has increased steadily, which potentially leads to more volume of critical data communications in a short time. Also, emerging applications such as remote/autonomous driving and infotainment such as high-definition movie streaming require data-rates on the order of multiple Gb/s. Such high data rates require a large system bandwidth, but very limited bandwidth is available in the sub-6 GHz cellular bands. This has sparked research interest in the millimeter wave (mmWave) band (10 GHz-300 GHz), where a large bandwidth is available to support the high data rate and low latency communications envisioned for emerging vehicular applications. However, leveraging mmWave communications requires a thorough understanding of the relevant vehicular propagation channels, which are significantly different from those investigated below 6 GHz. Despite their significance, very few investigations of mmWave vehicular channels are reported in the literature. This work highlights the key attributes of mmWave vehicular communication channels and surveys the recent literature on channel characterization efforts in order to provide a gap analysis and propose possible directions for future research.
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Massive MIMO systems and millimeter-wave spectrum are believed to have an important role in addressing the capacity demands of future communication networks.
“Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (M-MIMO) systems and millimeter-Wave (mmWave) spectrum exploiting high spatial resolution and multi-gigahertz bandwidth, respectively, are believed to have an important role in addressing the capacity demands of future communication networks [12,22].”
From Quantum Machine Learning for 6G Communication Networks: State-of-the-Art and Vision for the Future (2019) · cites this paper as [22]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says mmWave offers the large bandwidth needed for high-data-rate vehicular communications, supporting that part of the claim. The paper discusses MIMO channel modeling and large antenna arrays, but the passages found do not say that massive MIMO's spatial resolution helps meet future network capacity demands. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn vehicular communication context, the carrier frequency being a linear scaling factor causes very high Doppler shift/spread even in very low mobility conditions.
“Moreover, in vehicular communication context, the carrier frequency being a linear scaling factor causes very high Doppler shift/spread even in very low mobility conditions (e.g., even vehicle engine vibrations can cause high Doppler shift [22]).”
From Quantum Machine Learning for 6G Communication Networks: State-of-the-Art and Vision for the Future (2019) · cites this paper as [22]
The “C. Intra-vehicle channels” section says that vibrations, including engine vibrations, can cause severe Doppler spread at a typical 5 mm wavelength even when communicating nodes are relatively stationary. It does not state that carrier frequency is a linear scaling factor for Doppler shift or spread, so that causal detail is not established by our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Jameel, F., Wyne, S., Nawaz, S. J., & Chang, Z.
- Affiliations
- University of Jyväskylä (FI)
- COMSATS University Islamabad (PK)
- Venue
- IEEE Wireless Communications
- Published
- 2019-02
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 144-150
- ISSN
- 1536-1284 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-0687
- OpenAlex
- W2902466218
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 13
- FWCI
- 4.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- urn.fi
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Wireless Communications (publishedVersion)
- Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Radar Systems and Signal Processing
- Keywords
- millimeter-wave communication, vehicular communication, propagation channel, channel characterization, channel modeling, 5G, autonomous driving, infotainment, high-speed data transmission, bandwidth
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