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Terahertz Band: The Last Piece of RF Spectrum Puzzle for Communication Systems
Open accessAbstract
Ultra-high bandwidth, negligible latency and seamless communication are envisioned as milestones that will revolutionize the way by which societies create, distribute and consume information. The remarkable expansion of wireless data traffic has advocated the investigation of suitable regimes in the radio spectrum to satisfy users' escalating requirements and allow the exploitation of massive capacity and massive connectivity. To this end, the Terahertz (THz) frequency band (0.1-10 THz) has received noticeable attention in the research community as an ideal choice for scenarios involving high-speed transmission. As such, in this work, we present an up-to-date review paper to analyze key concepts associated with the THz system architecture. THz generation methods are first addressed by highlighting the recent progress in the devices technology. Moreover, the recently proposed channel models available for propagation at THz band frequencies are introduced. A comprehensive comparison is then presented between the THz wireless communication and its other contenders. In addition, several applications of THz communication are discussed taking into account various scales. Further, we highlight the milestones achieved regarding THz standardization activities. Finally, a future outlook is provided by presenting and envisaging several potential use cases and attempts to guide the deployment of the THz frequency band.
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“The THz band defined from 0.1 THz to 10 THz was known as a gap band between the microwave and optical spectra [76].”
From What should 6G be? (2020) · cites this paper as [76]
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Items 401–500 of 534
A Novel Methodology for Radial Power Combining Based on STWG
Zhan, M., Du, Z., Wu, Z., Zhan, K., & Duan, Z.-Y. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques · doi:10.1109/tmtt.2025.3623099 · Cited by 1
“Owing to its distinctive research value and application potential, the terahertz (THz) band is now regarded as a pivotal domain for mitigating this scarcity [1], [2], [3].”
Naeem, A., Rafique, S., Kihero, A. B., & Arslan, H. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking · doi:10.1109/tgcn.2025.3618986 · Cited by 1
“Despite its spectral richness, THz communication is challenged by severe pathloss due to reflection, absorption, and scattering phenomena, which significantly limit the communication range and compromise transmission reliability [5], [6], [7].”
Tensor-Based Channel Estimation for Terahertz Ultra-Massive MIMO Systems
Cao, J., Luo, C., & Luo, Y. (2026) · IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3673395 · Cited by 1
“To meet these demands, the terahertz (THz) band (0.1–10 THz) has been identified as a key enabler owing to its ultra-wide bandwidth, which allows Tbps data rates and low-latency transmission [4], [5].”
InfluentialPaoloni, C. (2026) · IEEE Electron Devices Magazine · doi:10.1109/med.2026.3653700 · Cited by 1
WiFocus: Bandwidth-Aware Beam Focusing in Wideband Sub-Terahertz Wireless Networks
Rui, Q., Chen, H., & Ghasempour, Y. (2026) · IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM) · doi:10.1109/infocom59046.2026.11571374 · Cited by 1
“In addition, high-frequency antenna arrays consist of significantly more elements [32], requiring even more space to store phase values.”
Cell-Free Cooperative Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access for 6G Wireless Systems
Ganapathy Ram, B., Priyadharsini, N. A., Selvi, S. T., Dhinakaran, M., Malaisamy, P., & Madasamy, S. (2022) · Advances in wireless technologies and telecommunication book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-9636-4.ch007 · Cited by 1
6G With Smart Healthcare, Haptic Communication
ArunKumar, S., Sivakami, K., VijayaKarthik, S. V., & Deepa, S. M. (2022) · Advances in wireless technologies and telecommunication book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-9636-4.ch015 · Cited by 1
A Post-Correction Method for Terahertz Nonlinear Distortion with Dual-Band Carrier Aggregation
Zhang, M., Liu, J., Zhu, D., Quan, X., Xu, Q., Liu, Y., & Chen, Z. (2022) · IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps) · doi:10.1109/gcwkshps56602.2022.10008787 · Cited by 1
“As a matter of fact, research on 6G-related technologies has been initiated [1].”
BackgroundDesign and Investigation of graphene based 2 × 2 CPW feed Vivaldi MIMO Antenna for THz Applications
Kushwaha, R. K., Shukla, D., Tripathi, Y., & Karuppanan, P. (2023) · International Conference on Device Intelligence, Computing and Communication Technologies (DICCT) · doi:10.1109/dicct56244.2023.10110122 · Cited by 1
“The THz is an emerging technology due to unique characteristics such as wider bandwidth, high data rate, high resolution, very low ionization, and, most importantly, not hazardous for biological entities [1], [2].”
BackgroundNissanov, U., & Singh, G. K. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-35900-2_1 · Cited by 1
Ruby, D., Jeyachidra, J., Logesh, T., Ranjani, P., Umamaheswari, G., & Nandhini, K. (2023) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-2710-4_41 · Cited by 1
Thapa, S. K., Pokharel, R. K., Barakat, A., Amakawa, S., Dong, R., Hara, S., Watanabe, I., & Kasamatsu, A. (2023) · URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium · doi:10.23919/ursigass57860.2023.10265470 · Cited by 1
Beuerle, B., Campion, J., Glubokov, O., Shah, U., & Oberhammer, J. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology · doi:10.1109/tthz.2023.3332304 · Cited by 1
“The use of terahertz technologies is increasingly explored for biomedical applications [4], [5], and the ever-increasing demand for bandwidth pushes communication systems into the terahertz frequency range [6].”
BackgroundBattery-Less Implantable Continuous EEG Monitoring via Anisotropic Diffusion
Anjum, K., & Pompili, D. (2024) · IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications · doi:10.1109/jsac.2024.3399203 · Cited by 1
“In this context, much of the work done so far has been to investigate ways to communicate between nanosensors reliably [9], [10], [11].”
BackgroundBroadband Planar Antenna with V-Slots Configuration for Sub-THz Communication
Nawaz, S., & Sethi, W. T. (2024) · International Conference on Wireless Networks and Mobile Communications (WINCOM) · doi:10.1109/wincom62286.2024.10655189 · Cited by 1
“The THz spectrum is becoming more accessible because of actions made by regulatory organizations like the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), which permits experimental licensing up to 3 THz [5].”
BackgroundRF/FSO and THz/FSO Relaying Systems
Alimi, I. A., & Monteiro, P. P. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-2282-2_60 · Cited by 1
Kamili, J. B., Aldhaheri, R. W., Nella, A., Alharbi, K. H., & Sheikh, M. M. (2025) · Open Physics · doi:10.1515/phys-2024-0116 · Cited by 1
“The short pulses, ultra-high-frequency carriers, and the very high bandwidth of the THz spectrum are able to revolutionize the today ’ s wireless communication by achieving maximum data rates of 100 GB/s [4].”
Beam Energy Spread-Based Near-Field Codebook Design for Uniform Circular Array
Huang, W., Jin, S., Zhang, H., Guidi, F., He, S., & Kai, C. (2025) · International Conference on Communications · doi:10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161743 · Cited by 1
“In the unobstructed environment, the gain of line of sight (LoS) path is much larger than NLoS gain, particularly in the millimeter waves or Terahertz (THz) frequency band [13], and thus we consider the beam searching for the strongest LoS path.”
Performance Analysis of a Nanocolumn-RTD VCO for Emerging THz Wireless Applications
Nobrega, R., Raddo, T. R., Duarte, U. R., Glesk, I., Sanches, A. L., & Loiola, M. (2020) · IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications · doi:10.1109/latincom50620.2020.9282323 · Cited by 1
“Then, new semiconductor heterostructure devices capable of operating at the THz region are becoming of paramount importance for next-generation wireless systems [2], [3].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCoverage Analysis for 3D Terahertz Communication Systems
Shafie, A., Yang, N., Durrani, S., Zhou, X., Han, C. Z., & Juntti, M. J. (2021) · IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications · doi:10.1109/jsac.2021.3071840 · Cited by 1
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Panhans, C., & Stolle, R. (2021) · International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications · doi:10.1109/atc52653.2021.9598294 · Cited by 1
Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavity Backed Slot Antennas for Millimeter- Wave Applications
Finich, S., Salgado, H. M., & Pinho, P. G. L. F. (2022) · European Conference on Antennas and Propagation · doi:10.23919/eucap53622.2022.9769223 · Cited by 1
Design of Non-uniform Constellations in the Channel with Phase Noise
Zhao, P., Xu, Y., He, D., Hong, H., Huang, Y., & Zhang, W. (2022) · International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC) · doi:10.1109/iwcmc55113.2022.9824240 · Cited by 1
Advanced Techniques for Human‐Centric Sensing in Environmental Monitoring
Aathilakshmi, S., Visali, C., Manikandan, T., & Kadry, S. (2025) · doi:10.1002/9781394310890.ch4 · Cited by 1
Sparse channel estimation for terahertz system
Sivakumar, K. (2020) · doi:10.17760/d20383697
An estimation of tropospheric agents influence on 5G terrestrial radio services in the THz band
Celidonio, M., Fionda, E., & Riva, C. G. (2020) · AEIT International Annual Conference · doi:10.23919/aeit50178.2020.9241086
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BackgroundImproving THz Coverage for 6G URLLC Services via Exploiting Mobile ComputingPreprint
Xie, S., Li, L., Chen, Z., & Li, S. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2105.11834
“THz communication can provide high data rate of terahertz bit per second (Tbps), making that every device access high-speed applications smoothly [4] [5].”
BackgroundOutphasing Modulator for Secure Communicationin 0.1THz Band
Wang, F., Xie, H., & Chen, S. (2021) · IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB) · doi:10.1109/bmsb53066.2021.9547127
Starodubov, A. V., Galushka, V. V., Pavlov, A. M., & Kalinin, Y. A. (2021) · International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) · doi:10.1109/irmmw-thz50926.2021.9567025
Reflection, Scattering, and Transmission (Including Material Parameters)
Ma, J., Zhang, R., & Mittleman, D. M. (2021) · Springer series in optical sciences/SPringer series in optical sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-73738-2_7
PL and PLE characterization of high current density resonant tunnelling diodes for THz applications
Cito, M., Baba, R., Kojima, O., Stevens, B. J., Mukai, T., & Hogg, R. A. (2022) · Terahertz, RF, Millimeter, and Submillimeter-Wave Technology and Applications · doi:10.1117/12.2608216
Evaluation of Sixth Generation 6G Wireless Networks
Kumar, S. S., Leelavathi, M., K., M. K. P., & Palanisamy, P. (2022) · Advances in wireless technologies and telecommunication book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-9636-4.ch001
A Simulation Model for Predicting the Maximum Length of a Terahertz Wireless Communication System
Druzhynin, V., Parkhomey, I., Boiko, J., Batrak, Y., & Цьопа, Н. В. (2022) · IEEE International Conference on Advanced Trends in Radioelectronics, Telecommunications and Computer Engineering (TCSET) · doi:10.1109/tcset55632.2022.9767074
Outage Performance of Cooperative Satellite Diversity System Using Two Aerial Regenerative Relays
Psychogyios, K., & Panagopoulos, A. D. (2022) · European Conference on Antennas and Propagation · doi:10.23919/eucap53622.2022.9769311
“While 5G networks employ the millimeter frequency band (28 and 38GHz) for the access networks and the bands 71-76GHz and 81-86GHz for the backhaul networks, the researchers' attention is already focused on THz level frequencies (100GHz – 10THz) [2] where 6G might take place.”
BackgroundSingh, P., & Jung, S. (2022) · doi:10.36227/techrxiv.20265885
Singh, P., & Jung, S. (2022) · doi:10.36227/techrxiv.20265885.v1
Impact of Bias Field Screening and Dipole Length in Terahertz Photoconductive Antennas
Schonenberger, D., Lopez-Menchon, H., Santos, M. C., & Rius, J. M. (2022) · International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) · doi:10.1109/irmmw-thz50927.2022.9895734
“Y leveraging mature optical laser technology to provide room-temperature compact devices for the advantageous generation and detection of Terahertz (THz) waves, Photoconductive Antennas (PCAs) have spurred numerous applications mainly in the fields of spectroscopy, imaging, and communications [1-2].”
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Shalma, E. M. H., & Shalma, M. M. H. (2022) · Complexity in Engineering (COMPENG) · doi:10.1109/compeng50184.2022.9905466
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Aji, A. P., Satoh, H., Apriono, C., Rahardjo, E. T., & Inokawa, H. (2022) · IEEE International Conference on Communication, Networks and Satellite (COMNETSAT) · doi:10.1109/comnetsat56033.2022.9994560
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BackgroundInfluentialFractional Fourier Transform Based Channel Estimation in Massive MIMO Systems
Peng, J., & Wang, Y. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Big Data and Algorithms (EEBDA) · doi:10.1109/eebda56825.2023.10090634
“At the same time, high-frequency communications in the millimeter-wave or terahertz bands offer a rich spectrum resource with large bandwidth [2].”
BackgroundHigh dielectric constant substrate material for gain enhancement of quasi-optical Terahertz antenna
Apriono, C. (2023) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0114915
Mahbub, M., & Shubair, R. M. (2022) · International Conference on Artificial Intelligence of Things (ICAIoT) · doi:10.1109/icaiot57170.2022.10121863
“6G predicts optimal spectral utilization using multi-band wide-spread spectrum, along with higher radio frequencies such as Sub-6 GHz, millimeter-wave (mmWave), and terahertz (THz) bands [6] to allow extremely high data transfer rate.”
MethodSelf-citationTerahertz Communication: Standardization, Channel Modeling, and Link-Budget
Nissanov, U., & Singh, G. K. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-35900-2_3
Mutagenicity assessment of high‐power 1.6‐THz pulse laser radiation
Shirato, M., Takida, Y., Kanno, T., Matsuura, H., Niwano, Y., Minamide, H., & Nakamura, K. (2023) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/php.13840
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“The work jointly optimized the computation power, the phase shift of IRS, and allocation of THz sub-band to reduce network latency.”
BackgroundSelf-citationKupferman, J., & Arnon, S. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4585219
Analysis and Validation of Fabrication and Assembly Effects on Terahertz Waveguide Bandpass Filter
Zhang, B., Zhang, Y., Cao, T., & Zhu, H. (2023) · European Microwave Conference (EuMC) · doi:10.23919/eumc58039.2023.10290362
“Due to its special properties, it has broad application prospects in communication, medical imaging, security inspection, astronomical observation, military fields [1]-[3].”
BackgroundSU-MMIMO in Correlated Fading Channel
Kota, S., Vasudevan, K., Kumar, L., & Mishra, H. B. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing, VLSI, Electrical Circuits and Robotics (DISCOVER) · doi:10.1109/discover58830.2023.10316664
“This points towards to usage of mm wave [4] in a single room, say a big auditorium or underground parking and so on.”
BackgroundSU-MMIMO in Correlated Fading Channel
Kota, S., Vasudevan, K., Kumar, L., & Mishra, H. B. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing, VLSI, Electrical Circuits and Robotics (DISCOVER) · doi:10.1109/discover58830.2023.10336562
“This points towards to usage of mm wave [4] in a single room, say a big auditorium or underground parking and so on.”
BackgroundImpulse Ultrawideband Wireless Communication System of the Terahertz Frequency Band
Аvdeyenko, G. L., & Butko, I. (2023) · International Conference on Information and Telecommunication Technologies and Radio Electronics (UkrMiCo) · doi:10.1109/ukrmico61577.2023.10380374
Chen, H., Dang, J., Zhang, Z., Wu, L., Zhu, B., & Wang, L. (2023) · International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP) · doi:10.1109/wcsp58612.2023.10404971
“Terahertz (THz) band plays an increasingly important role in wireless communication due to its abundant bandwidth, high data rates, and low latency [1]–[4].”
BackgroundDesign and concept of a low-pass filter for the UHF band
Krid, H. B., de la Rosa, R., Houaneb, Z., & Zairi, H. (2023) · International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD) · doi:10.1109/ssd58187.2023.10411178
“Ultrahigh frequency UHF, conventionally defined portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, encompassing radiations having a wavelength between 0.1 and 1 m and a frequency between 3000 and 300 megahertz [1].”
BackgroundInfluentialLinearly Polarized D-band Leaky Wave Antenna Based on Series Slotted Waveguide
Singh, S., & Basu, A. (2023) · IEEE Microwaves, Antennas, and Propagation Conference (MAPCON) · doi:10.1109/mapcon58678.2023.10464032
“In order to achieve the next generation goals, the research is shifting towards higher frequency band [1]-[2].”
BackgroundTHz-wave multilevel frequency modulation by a single wavelength-tunable laser
Masutomi, N., Ye, S., Matsumoto, R., Li, B., Tang, H., Kaide, R., Mikami, Y., Ueda, Y., & Kato, K. (2024) · Japanese Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.35848/1347-4065/ad37c3
Pandey, G. K., & Rao, T. R. (2024) · International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET) · doi:10.1109/wispnet61464.2024.10532993
“The huge data rates and non-ionizing characteristics enable diverse applications in the THz spectrum, encompassing imaging, spectroscopy, bio-medicine, security screening, and THz communications [4].”
BackgroundShen, Y., Qiao, X., Zhong, Z., & Sheng, H. (2023) · International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Systems and Network Security (AISNS) · doi:10.1145/3661638.3661668
“Many countries in the world have started THz circuit devices are critical to the THz communication system because their performance can directly affect the performance of the communication system [1, 2].”
BackgroundCoherence enhancement between incoherent lasers based on passive phase compensation
Zhu, X., Huang, Y., He, H., He, T., & Yu, X. (2024) · Electronics Letters · doi:10.1049/ell2.13237
A Molecular-Based Authentication and Authorization for Internet of Things Systems
Lu, Z., Amin, O., & Shihada, B. (2024) · IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference · doi:10.1109/wcnc57260.2024.10571162
“Such cases require developing unconventional compatible authentication techniques that are suitable for physical world interaction using different communication bands [4], [5].”
BackgroundSelf-citationA Simple Access Point Synchronization for THz Wireless Access System
Nakamura, M., Sawada, H., & Matsumura, T. (2024) · IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference · doi:10.1109/wcnc57260.2024.10570564
“For wireless data transmission systems using THz band, high propagation loss and susceptibility to blockage of the propagation path are major challenges to be addressed[5].”
BackgroundRF/FSO and THz/FSO Relaying Systems
Alimi, I. A., & Monteiro, P. P. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-33-4999-5_60-1
Channel Estimation in Radiative Near Field Region of 6G Extremely Large MIMO System
SUGANYA, T., & Gandhi, S. I. (2024) · Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering · doi:10.4316/aece.2024.03007
Received signal power evaluation of RIS-aided wireless networks on THz bands
Hamdani, F., & Susanto, M. (2024) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0208161
3D-printed terahertz subwavelength rectangular dielectric dual-core fibers
Ge, H., Li, H., Wang, Z., Zu, M., Ren, G., & Gong, Y. (2024) · International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) · doi:10.1109/irmmw-thz60956.2024.10697745
“In contrast to wireless THz communications [2], wired data transmission can be applied in compact space for example inside vehicles, where waveguides are one of the inevitable components for the THz systems.”
BackgroundAdaptive Beamwidth Control for XL-MIMO: From Far-field to Near-field
Wu, Y., Zhou, W., Li, J., & Hou, C. (2024) · International Conference on Communications and Broadband Networking (ICCBN) · doi:10.1145/3688636.3688658
“Moreover, leveraging high-frequency bands like millimeter-wave or terahertz offers ample bandwidth, supported by abundant spectral resources [3] .”
Empowering Cognitive City Wireless Communication Vision
Liu, Y., Amin, O., Al-Harthi, N., Elmirghani, J. M. H., Eltawil, A. M., & Shihada, B. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Smart Mobility (SM) · doi:10.1109/sm63044.2024.10733432
“It is worthwhile exploring higher frequency bands above 28GHz, including millimeter wave bands from 30 to 300 GHz, and sub-millimeter THz between 300GHz and 3THz [18], [19].”
BackgroundSelf-citationГаур, Н., Chakravarty, S., & Nanthaamornphong, A. (2024) · doi:10.1002/9781394275472.ch12
Research on the Application of Terahertz Communication Technology in 5G and Future Networks
Bai, L. (2024) · Applied and Computational Engineering · doi:10.54254/2755-2721/99/20251750
A 260–300 GHz Three-Stage Power Amplifier Using Pre-Embedding Network in 130-nm SiGe
Liu, X., Yu, J., Wang, Y., & Huang, Y. (2024) · Asia Communications and Photonics Conference · doi:10.1109/acp/ipoc63121.2024.10809561
“Terahertz (THz) technology is widely regarded as one of the most promising technologies for 6G due to its ability to provide robust support for ultra-high data rate services [1].”
Liu, Y., Wu, X., Jiang, H., Yang, F., Chen, F., Li, M., & Zhang, J. (2024) · IEEE International Symposium on Radio-Frequency Integration Technology (RFIT) · doi:10.1109/rfit60557.2024.10812572
Κωνσταντόπουλος, Γ., Desombre, P., Ropokis, G. A., & Louët, Y. (2024) · IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking · doi:10.1109/cscn63874.2024.10849697
“In recent years, the frequency range above 100 GHz has emerged as a frontier for the future of wireless telecommunications [1].”
On the Use of Filter Shape Index Modulation for Downlink NOMA Systems Over Fading Channels
Κωνσταντόπουλος, Γ., Desombre, P., Ropokis, G. A., & Louët, Y. (2024) · IEEE Virtual Conference on Communications (VCC) · doi:10.1109/vcc63113.2024.10914375
“Over the last few years, the frequency area of over 100 GHz has been proven to be a promising space for the future of wireless telecommunications [1].”
Cooperative Multicriteria Spectrum Allocation Scheme for Multiband Wireless Networks
Kim, S. (2025) · International Journal of Communication Systems · doi:10.1002/dac.70083
“Both mmWave and THz bands are necessary to satisfy diverse throughput, reliability, and latency requirements in the beyond 5G communication environment [5–7].”
Off-grid Near-field Narrowband Channel Estimate with Grouping Strategy
Cheng, T., & Xu, Y. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT) · doi:10.1109/icct62411.2024.10946545
“This is expected to significantly improve spectrum efficiency and expand communication coverage, providing substantial benefits for the base station (BS) and users [3].”
Robust Terahertz Topological Transmission Line with Single-Mode and Linear Dispersion
He, X., Wang, L., Huang, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP) · doi:10.1109/imws-amp62793.2024.10966834
“Terahertz communication, with its Tbps-level speeds, is poised to be a crucial technology for meeting future communication demands [1].”
Group Information Geometry Approach for Ultra-Massive MIMO Signal Detection
Yang, J., Fan, M., Chen, Y., Gao, X., Xia, X., & Slock, D. T. M. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/tsp.2025.3561023
“This technology also offers substantial beamforming gains, crucial for mitigating path losses at high-frequency bands like millimeter-wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) [5], [7].”
Reconfigurable Intelligent Metasurface Technology for Terahertz Communication
Liu, Z., Zhang, W., Liu, Y., Yang, Z., Zhang, C., & He, J. (2025) · Springer proceedings in physics · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-4886-3_83
Hendaoui, M. (2025) · Journal of applied engineering science & technology. · doi:10.69717/jaest.v5.i1.109
Glycine crystal growth under air-cooling with/without irradiation of 40 GHz sub-terahertz wave
Iwasaki, K., Takashima, K., Fujii, S., Kimura, T., Yamamoto, M., & Tanabe, T. (2025) · Journal of Crystal Growth · doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2025.128309
H -Band Power Amplifier Waveguide Module Using Two-Way On-Chip Power-Combining Transition
Jang, Y., Baek, J., Lee, J., Woo, H., & Jeong, J. (2025) · IEEE Microwave and Wireless Technology Letters · doi:10.1109/lmwt.2025.3589230
“T HE terahertz (THz) frequency spectrum has emerged as a critical resource for various applications, including wireless communications, sensing, and radar systems [1], [2], [3].”
Monolithic Integration of Broadband MUTC-PD Coupled With Novel Terahertz Antenna
Chen, H., Ying, X., Peng, Z., Chi, C., Ye, H., Qin, H., & Ji, C. (2025) · IEEE Photonics Technology Letters · doi:10.1109/lpt.2025.3593964
“According to the projected future free space terahertz wireless links requirements [13], our Crown antenna design demonstrates multiple resonant peaks within the potential terahertz data band from 275 to 370 GHz, in which the overall terahertz transmission attenuation is below 100 dB / km.…”
Spectrum Allocation via Deep Q-learning for 6G Terahertz Band Drone Communications
Elçik, K. B., Saeed, A., Gürbüz, Ö., & Tunç, Ç. (2025) · Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU) · doi:10.1109/siu66497.2025.11112483
“The THz band, a trillion cycles per second, is the frequency range between 0.1 and 10 THz [1].”
InfluentialTHz/RF Multi-Hop Routing Throughput: Performance, Optimization, and Application
Lou, Z., Belmekki, B. E. Y., & Alouini, M. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2025.3610263
“…communication offers an ultra-wide bandwidth, which, combined with beamforming techniques, enables high data rates, precise directional transmission, and enhanced spectral efficiency [9], [10] However, the propagation distance of THz signals is significantly limited by water molecule absorption [11].”
Self-citationLiu, Z., Yang, C., Liu, Y., & Peng, M. (2025) · International Conference on Communications · doi:10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161542
“Wireless data traffic has been witnessing unprecedented expansion over the past decade, and is supposed to reach terabits-per-second (Tbps) level by 2030 [1].”
Aijia, 汤. T., & Renyuan, 李. L. (2025) · Acta Optica Sinica (Online) · doi:10.3788/aosol250495
Near-Field Non-stationary Channel Estimation for Wideband Extremely Large-Scale MIMO
Li, X. (2025) · Lecture notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-03131-0_1
Application and Future of Microwave Photonics
Chaudhuri, R. B., & Barman, A. D. (2025) · Optical networks series · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-01681-2_7
The Future of Telecom Regulation
Prasad, R., & Sridhar, V. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780198973348.003.0009
Self-Organizing Mobile Networks Using AI and Nanoantenna Arrays for Towerless Communication
Authoy, S. N. (2025) · IEEE Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference (NMDC) · doi:10.1109/nmdc64551.2025.11234566
GaAs–InAs binary alloy approach to InGaAs quantum well design in resonant tunneling diodes
Cito, M., Machida, R., & Watanabe, I. (2025) · Japanese Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.35848/1347-4065/ae23d5
Influence of nitrogen on coherent longitudinal optical phonons in GaAs1− x N x
Takeuchi, H., Matsunaga, K., Sengi, Y., Mitchell, J. W., Turkulets, Y., & Goldman, R. S. (2025) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0307567
Subbalakshmi, M. C. U. C., & Rao, B. S. (2025) · International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology · doi:10.48175/ijarsct-30657
Performance of a Polarization Converter for 6G Applications
İnce, B., Kocyigit, K., Aytaç, B., Şahin, A. B., & Altan, H. (2025) · International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) · doi:10.1109/irmmw-thz61557.2025.11319555
“In the present study, the structure was rescaled to the frequency range (0.2–0.24 THz) in 6G region[2], and the fundamental components—polarizer and rotator—were individually investigated.”
InfluentialA 220-GHz On-Chip Mixer Circuit Using Microstrip Lines and GaAs SBD
Hao, X., Gu, G., Zhao, X., Wang, C., Zhang, L., Song, X. S. X., Xu, P., Zhu, Z., Zhang, A., Gao, J., et al. (2026) · IEEE Microwave and Wireless Technology Letters · doi:10.1109/lmwt.2026.3654232
“T ERAHERTZ waves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 10 THz, combining the advantages of millimeter waves and infrared waves [1].”
InfluentialPerformance Analysis of Distributed RIS-Aided THz Communication Systems Under Misalignment Fading
Li, L., Zhu, Y., Ni, Y., & Zhu, Q. (2025) · International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP) · doi:10.1109/wcsp68525.2025.1010517
“…(THz) communication has emerged as a transformative technology for future wireless networks, offering vast band-width resources (0.1-10 THz) to support ultra-high data rates exceeding 100 Gbps and address the exponentially growing capacity demands of next-generation communication systems [1].”
InfluentialQuarterly Search-Based Full-Dimensional Beam Training for Extremely Large-Scale Arrays
Jin, S., Huang, W., Ji, B., Wang, Y., & Kai, C. (2025) · International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP) · doi:10.1109/wcsp68525.2025.1010327
“Since the gain of line of sight (LoS) path is much larger than NLoS gain in the unobstructed environment, particularly in the millimeter wave (mmWave) or Terahertz (THz) frequency band [16], we focus on the beam searching for the LoS path.”
Optimised CSRR-loaded antenna for high-efficiency THz communication: a link budget perspective
George, S., Ramesh, M., Jothi, J. N., Relin Francis Raj, J., Muthuramya, C., & Santhana Krishnan, R. (2026) · Pramana · doi:10.1007/s12043-025-03081-5
Othman, N. I., Razali, R. A., Shaari, N. A. M., Alizadeh, S., Pinardi, S., & Ramly, A. M. (2025) · International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC) · doi:10.1109/ictc66702.2025.11388484
Rate-Splitting Multiple Access for Spatial Non-Stationary Extremely Large-Scale Antenna Array
Liu, Y., Liu, P., Zhang, W., Cao, D., & Liao, Z. (2026) · Information · doi:10.3390/info17030223
Ssali, H., Kamiura, Y., & Kato, K. (2025) · Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS-Fall) · doi:10.23919/piers-fall62445.2025.11394162
“For instance, electronics-based THz generators are still facing acute challenges to deliver high output power at relatively higher frequencies [2].”
Wakiuchi, S., & Kanamori, Y. (2026) · Optics & Laser Technology · doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.115096
Metadata
- Authors
- Elayan, H., Amin, O., Shihada, B., Shubair, R. M., & Alouini, M.-S.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (SA)
- New York University Abu Dhabi (AE)
- Venue
- IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society
- Published
- 2020
- Volume
- 1
- Pages
- 1-32
- ISSN
- 2644-125X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2960699897
- Cited by
- 535
- References
- 262
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 100 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 102 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 31
- FWCI
- 19.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Terahertz technology and applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Photonic Communication Systems
- Keywords
- terahertz communication, massive connectivity
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