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A Numerical Study of Bravyi-Bacon-Shor and Subsystem Hypergraph Product Codes
Open accessAbstract
We provide a numerical investigation of two families of subsystem quantum codes that are related to hypergraph product codes by gauge-fixing. The first family consists of the Bravyi-Bacon-Shor (BBS) codes which have optimal code parameters for subsystem quantum codes local in 2-dimensions. The second family consists of the constant rate “generalized Shor” codes of Bacon and Cassicino [1], which we re-brand as subsystem hypergraph product (SHP) codes. We show that any hypergraph product code can be obtained by entangling the gauge qubits of two SHP codes. To evaluate the performance of these codes, we simulate both small and large examples. For circuit noise, a [21], [4], [3] BBS code and a [49], [16], [3] SHP code have pseudthresholds of 2 × 10-3and 8 × 10-4, respectively. Simulations for phenomenological noise show that large BBS and SHP codes start to outperform surface codes with similar encoding rate at physical error rates 1 × 10-6and 4 × 10-4, respectively.
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When 4 divides n, the anti-commutation of row and column operators of opposite Pauli type can be fixed by permuting qubits for different Pauli type row and column checks.
“When 4∣n, this can be fixed by permuting the qubits for different Pauli type row and column checks.”
From Yoked surface codes (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
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Cites
Fault-Tolerant quantum computation with constant overhead
Gottesman, D. (2014) · Quantum Information and Computation · doi:10.26421/qic14.15-16-5 · Cited by 172
Constant overhead quantum fault tolerance with quantum expander codes
Fawzi, O., Grospellier, A., & Leverrier, A. (2021) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/3434163 · Cited by 111
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Gidney, C., Newman, M., Brooks, P., & Jones, C. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59714-1 · Cited by 85
Metadata
- Authors
- Li, M., & Yoder, T. J.
- Affiliations
- IBM (United States) (US)
- Venue
- 2020 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2020-10
- Pages
- 109-119
- OpenAlex
- W3107454530
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE) (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Office of the Director of National Intelligence
- Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity through ARO (W911NF-16-1-0082)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum many-body systems
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Keywords
- hypergraph product codes, gauge fixing, surface code, quantum error correction, threshold, electronic noise, code rate
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