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Cited by 914

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

CREMA-D: Crowd-Sourced Emotional Multimodal Actors Dataset

Open access
Cao, Houwei, Cooper, David G., Keutmann, Michael K., Gur, Ruben C., Nenkova, Ani, Verma, Ragini·2014·IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing

Abstract

People convey their emotional state in their face and voice. We present an audio-visual data set uniquely suited for the study of multi-modal emotion expression and perception. The data set consists of facial and vocal emotional expressions in sentences spoken in a range of basic emotional states (happy, sad, anger, fear, disgust, and neutral). 7,442 clips of 91 actors with diverse ethnic backgrounds were rated by multiple raters in three modalities: audio, visual, and audio-visual. Categorical emotion labels and real-value intensity values for the perceived emotion were collected using crowd-sourcing from 2,443 raters. The human recognition of intended emotion for the audio-only, visual-only, and audio-visual data are 40.9%, 58.2% and 63.6% respectively. Recognition rates are highest for neutral, followed by happy, anger, disgust, fear, and sad. Average intensity levels of emotion are rated highest for visual-only perception. The accurate recognition of disgust and fear requires simultaneous audio-visual cues, while anger and happiness can be well recognized based on evidence from a single modality. The large dataset we introduce can be used to probe other questions concerning the audio-visual perception of emotion.

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Metadata

Authors
Cao, H., Cooper, D. G., Keutmann, M. K., Gur, R. C., Nenkova, A., & Verma, R.
Venue
IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing
Published
2014-10-01
Volume
5
Issue
4
Pages
377-390
ISSN
1949-3045 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2030931454
Cited by
914
References
51
FWCI
4.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: CREMA-D: Crowd-Sourced Emotional Multimodal Actors Dataset. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/taffc.2014.2336244
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Cao, H., Cooper, D. G., Keutmann, M. K., Gur, R. C., Nenkova, A., & Verma, R. (2014). CREMA-D: Crowd-Sourced Emotional Multimodal Actors Dataset. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing. https://doi.org/10.1109/taffc.2014.2336244

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