The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Distance measures for speech processing
Abstract
The properties and interrelationships among four measures of distance in speech processing are theoretically and experimentally discussed. The root mean square (rms) log spectral distance, cepstral distance, likelihood ratio (minimum residual principle or delta coding (DELCO) algorithm), and a cosh measure (based upon two nonsymmetrical likelihood ratios) are considered. It is shown that the cepstral measure bounds the rms log spectral measure from below, while the cosh measure bounds it from above. A simple nonlinear transformation of the likelihood ratio is shown to be highly correlated with the rms log spectral measure over expected ranges. Relationships between distance measure values and perception are also considered. The likelihood ratio, cepstral measure, and cosh measure are easily evaluated recursively from linear prediction filter coefficients, and each has a meaningful and interrelated frequency domain interpretation. Fortran programs are presented for computing the recursively evaluated distance measures.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Minimum prediction residual principle applied to speech recognition
Itakura, F. (1975) · IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/tassp.1975.1162641 · Cited by 1,627
Speech Analysis Synthesis and Perception
Flanagan, J. L. (1972) · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-01562-9 · Cited by 1,469
Markel, J. D., & Gray, A. H. (1976) · Communication and Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-66286-7 · Cited by 1,402
Self-citationAtal, B. S. (1974) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.1914702 · Cited by 915
Multivariate Statistical Methods.
Evans, I. G., & Morrison, D. F. (1968) · Applied Statistics · doi:10.2307/2985655 · Cited by 725
Nonlinear filtering of multiplied and convolved signals
Oppenheim, A. V., Schafer, R. W., & Stockham, T. G. (1968) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/proc.1968.6570 · Cited by 506
A Difference Limen for Vowel Formant Frequency
Flanagan, J. L. (1955) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.1907979 · Cited by 171
Cited by
Davis, S., & Mermelstein, P. (1980) · IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/tassp.1980.1163420 · Cited by 5,465
Spectrum estimation and harmonic analysis
Thomson, D. J. (1982) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/proc.1982.12433 · Cited by 4,418
Distance measures for signal processing and pattern recognition
Basseville, M. (1989) · Signal Processing · doi:10.1016/0165-1684(89)90079-0 · Cited by 615
Speech coding based upon vector quantization
Buzo, A., Gray, A., Gray, R., & Markel, J. (1980) · IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/tassp.1980.1163445 · Cited by 559
Self-citationDAVIS, S. B., & MERMELSTEIN, P. (1990) · Readings in Speech Recognition · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-051584-7.50010-3 · Cited by 341
Metadata
- Authors
- Gray, A., & Markel, J.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing
- Published
- 1976-10
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 380-391
- ISSN
- 0096-3518 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1989337816
- Cited by
- 639
- References
- 7
- FWCI
- 9.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Distance measures for speech processing. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/tassp.1976.1162849
- The paper
- Gray, A., & Markel, J. (1976). Distance measures for speech processing. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. https://doi.org/10.1109/tassp.1976.1162849
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
